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{
    "pk": 47021,
    "title": "Social associations between voices and words affect learning",
    "subtitle": null,
    "abstract": "<p>The present study investigates whether the relationship between voice gender (female and male voices) and gender-associated meanings (e.g., flower [female] vs. football [male]) influences learning of an artificial lexicon after brief auditory exposure. Participants were trained on 16 novel words in either a gender-aligning condition (i.e., female voices produced novel words with female-associated meanings and male voices produced novel words with male-associated meanings) or a gender-mismatching condition (e.g., female voices produced words with male-associated meanings, etc.). Listeners either heard voices that contain stereotypical or non-stereotypical gross acoustic patterns. Listeners showed worse word learning in gender-mismatching conditions. And, learning performance was mediated by voice stereotypicality. This study demonstrates how gender associations implicitly modulate social attention when learning a new language. Also, since the experiment was under the guise of a language learning application, the results also have implications for gender biases in human-computer interaction and speech technology. More broadly, these findings demonstrate the impact of gender associations on speech perception and language learning. </p>",
    "language": "eng",
    "license": {
        "name": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0",
        "short_name": "CC BY 4.0",
        "text": "Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.",
        "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"
    },
    "keywords": [],
    "section": "Regular Article",
    "is_remote": true,
    "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/46d7f3k5",
    "frozenauthors": [
        {
            "first_name": "Georgia",
            "middle_name": "",
            "last_name": "Zellou",
            "name_suffix": "",
            "institution": "UC Davis",
            "department": "Linguistics Department"
        },
        {
            "first_name": "Péter",
            "middle_name": "",
            "last_name": "Rácz",
            "name_suffix": "",
            "institution": "Budapest University of Technology and Economics",
            "department": "Department of Cognitive Science, Faculty of Natural Sciences"
        },
        {
            "first_name": "Santiago",
            "middle_name": "",
            "last_name": "Barreda",
            "name_suffix": "",
            "institution": "UC Davis",
            "department": "Linguistics Department"
        }
    ],
    "date_submitted": "2025-03-14T14:57:48.874000+01:00",
    "date_accepted": "2026-01-22T21:57:17.567000+01:00",
    "date_published": "2026-02-17T18:30:00+01:00",
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