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{
    "pk": 47217,
    "title": "Marine diatom species richness and diversity at different latitudes during the Paleocene-Eocene thermal maximum: implications for future warming",
    "subtitle": null,
    "abstract": "<p>Modeling diversity of marine diatom communities by latitude for the late Paleocene and early Eocene provides context for future warming climates. The Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM) transition spans ~57 to 48 million years ago with global temperatures ranging from ~9 to 23°C higher than pre-industrial times. There are differing views whether modern carbon increases will lead to similar patterns in temperature and how it may impact global communities. This research used data provided by the International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP). The study examines how marine diatom communities responded to the rapid warming of the PETM as a potential analog for future marine diversity under a warming climate. Statistical analyses assess potential changes in diversity of diatom abundance data from existing marine sediment cores from Lomonosov Ridge in the Central Arctic Ocean, Blake Nose in the Western North Atlantic Ocean, and Broken Ridge in the Eastern Indian Ocean. Examining changes at different latitudes provides a more comprehensive picture of how rapid warming impacted diatom species richness and diversity across the globe. The Shannon-Wiener Diversity Index details change in diatom communities. Principal Component Analysis and Hierarchical Cluster analysis further refine variance between datasets. Results suggest diatom communities were negatively affected by the rapid warming of the PETM in middle latitude locations, while the Central Arctic Ocean diatom communities showed an increase in diatom species richness and diversity. The Central Arctic Ocean diatom community response may result from the more terrestrial paleogeography of the location during the PETM providing increased nutrient availability from runoff as well as poor diatom preservation. Changes in the Indian Ocean diatom If marine diatom communities suffer in middle latitude locations as the data suggests, then likely decreases in diatom species richness and diversity support a positive feedback loop for further warming. Challenges include inconsistent abundance measures complicating comparisons between datasets, lack of Antarctic samples, and some evidence diagenesis has limited diatoms preservation during the PETM in some locations.</p>",
    "language": "eng",
    "license": {
        "name": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0",
        "short_name": "CC BY 4.0",
        "text": "Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\n\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.",
        "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"
    },
    "keywords": [
        {
            "word": "diatoms"
        },
        {
            "word": "species richness"
        },
        {
            "word": "diversity"
        },
        {
            "word": "Shannon-Weiner Diversity Index"
        },
        {
            "word": "Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum"
        },
        {
            "word": "Western North Atlantic"
        },
        {
            "word": "Central Arctic"
        },
        {
            "word": "Eastern Indian Ocean"
        }
    ],
    "section": "Articles",
    "is_remote": true,
    "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2010t9k0",
    "frozenauthors": [
        {
            "first_name": "Caroline",
            "middle_name": "",
            "last_name": "Davies",
            "name_suffix": "",
            "institution": "University of Missouri Kansas City",
            "department": "Earth and Environmental Sciences",
            "country": "United States"
        },
        {
            "first_name": "Anne",
            "middle_name": "",
            "last_name": "Hentzen",
            "name_suffix": "",
            "institution": "University of Missouri Kansas City",
            "department": "Earth and Environmental Sciences"
        }
    ],
    "date_submitted": "2025-04-11T13:46:14.093000-04:00",
    "date_accepted": "2026-02-04T04:06:35.846000-05:00",
    "date_published": "2026-02-06T03:30:00-05:00",
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        "type": "pdf",
        "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/biogeographia/article/47217/galley/48172/download/"
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}