Article Instance

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{
    "pk": 47401,
    "title": "Overfitting and Copyright Infringement: How Should Copyright Law Address the Italian Plumber Problem?",
    "subtitle": null,
    "abstract": "<p>This Article explores a discrete yet consequential driver of AI-generated copyright infringement: overfitting. By analyzing overfitting as a statistical phenomenon, it offers a legal framework for understanding how this technical failure can lead machine learning models to reproduce protected works nearly identically. Through the lens of the Italian Plumber Problem, this article critiques the limitations of the fair use doctrine when applied to generative AI outputs, identifies regulatory and policy shortcomings, and argues for an updated doctrinal toolkit. Finally, it draws a conceptual parallel between algorithmic overfitting and judicial reasoning, positing that courts may fall prey to overfitting by relying on fact-specific precedent in the absence of guiding rules for novel technologies. Using interdisciplinary analysis, this article calls for a recalibration of legal frameworks to accommodate the realities of machine learning and protect both innovation and authorship in the digital age.</p>",
    "language": "eng",
    "license": {
        "name": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0",
        "short_name": "CC BY 4.0",
        "text": "Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.",
        "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"
    },
    "keywords": [
        {
            "word": "Artificial Intelligence"
        },
        {
            "word": "copyright"
        },
        {
            "word": "intellectual property"
        },
        {
            "word": "Overfitting"
        },
        {
            "word": "Data analysis"
        },
        {
            "word": "Italian Plumber Problem"
        },
        {
            "word": "fair use"
        }
    ],
    "section": "Article",
    "is_remote": true,
    "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/50c8j1xt",
    "frozenauthors": [
        {
            "first_name": "Elaine (Linghui)",
            "middle_name": "",
            "last_name": "Zhao",
            "name_suffix": "",
            "institution": "",
            "department": ""
        }
    ],
    "date_submitted": "2025-05-13T01:08:08.957000-04:00",
    "date_accepted": "2025-05-14T02:01:50.123000-04:00",
    "date_published": "2025-05-20T23:00:00-04:00",
    "render_galley": {
        "label": "PDF",
        "type": "pdf",
        "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/ucsdulr/article/47401/galley/35812/download/"
    },
    "galleys": [
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            "label": "PDF",
            "type": "pdf",
            "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/ucsdulr/article/47401/galley/35812/download/"
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}