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{
    "pk": 49022,
    "title": "Multiple Scrambling in Japanese: An Experimental Investigation",
    "subtitle": null,
    "abstract": "<p>This study tested predictions of two hypotheses for scrambling. Cyclic Linearization (CL) argues that the word order established in a syntactic cycle cannot be overridden in a later cycle. Prosodic Scrambling (PS) claims that a string of words must be scrambled in syntax if it represents a syntactic constituent but scrambled at PF if it does not. Two experiments were designed with Japanese transitive sentences containing an adverb. Experiment 1, a production task, found that the A(dverb)S(ubject)O(bject)V(erb) order is overwhelmingly preferred with a modal adverb, whereas ASOV and SAOV are equally preferred with a temporal adverb. Experiment 2 examined acceptability of transitive sentences with the two types of adverbs in four orders: ASOV, AOSV, OSAV, and SOAV. CL predicts SOAV is underivable, while PS predicts all four orders are derivable. The results show that SOAV received the second highest mean rating, contradicting CL but consistent with PS. </p>",
    "language": null,
    "license": {
        "name": "Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives  4.0",
        "short_name": "CC BY-NC-ND 4.0",
        "text": "Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\n\nNonCommercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes.\n\nNoDerivatives — If you remix, transform, or build upon the material, you may not distribute the modified material.\n\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.",
        "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0"
    },
    "keywords": [],
    "section": "Poster Presentations",
    "is_remote": true,
    "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1z23878q",
    "frozenauthors": [
        {
            "first_name": "Justin",
            "middle_name": "",
            "last_name": "Tanaka",
            "name_suffix": "",
            "institution": "",
            "department": ""
        },
        {
            "first_name": "Nozomi",
            "middle_name": "",
            "last_name": "Tanaka",
            "name_suffix": "",
            "institution": "University of Iowa",
            "department": "Department of Languages, Linguistics, Literatures, and Cultures"
        },
        {
            "first_name": "Brian",
            "middle_name": "",
            "last_name": "Agbayani",
            "name_suffix": "",
            "institution": "California State University Fresno",
            "department": ""
        },
        {
            "first_name": "Shin",
            "middle_name": "",
            "last_name": "Fukuda",
            "name_suffix": "",
            "institution": "University of Hawaii at Manoa",
            "department": "Linguistics"
        }
    ],
    "date_submitted": "2025-07-16T19:45:51.808000Z",
    "date_accepted": "2025-07-18T23:50:06.324000Z",
    "date_published": "2025-07-07T03:00:00Z",
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        "type": "pdf",
        "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/japanesekoreanlinguistics/article/49022/galley/36980/download/"
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}