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{
    "pk": 4961,
    "title": "Comparative Psychophysics: Some Contextual Effects in Birds and Humans",
    "subtitle": null,
    "abstract": "Three different types of psychophysical context effects have been studied in comparative experiments with animals and humans. The main context variables investigated were: (1) range of the test series; (2) asymmetry of training to test stimuli (anchor effects); and (3) frequency distribution of the test stimuli. A two-stimulus, two response training procedure, followed by various generalization tests, was used. All subjects (19 chickens and 128 humans) were trained and tested with cubes of different sizes. The psychometric functions support the general assumption that perception in birds undergoes psychophysical context effects similar to that observed in humans. However, while all three variables affected the judgments of human subjects, the choices of chickens and human infants were not strongly affected by the frequency distribution of the test stimuli. These data suggest that two factors are responsible for the three contextual effects investigated: a basic perceptual factor invariant across species and age groups and a cognitive component.",
    "language": "en",
    "license": {
        "name": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0",
        "short_name": "CC BY 4.0",
        "text": "Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.",
        "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"
    },
    "keywords": [
        {
            "word": "International Journal of Comparative Psychology"
        },
        {
            "word": "Conditioning"
        },
        {
            "word": "Behavior"
        },
        {
            "word": "Behaviour"
        },
        {
            "word": "learning"
        },
        {
            "word": "Behavioral Taxonomy"
        },
        {
            "word": "cognition"
        },
        {
            "word": "Cognitive Processes"
        },
        {
            "word": "Comparative"
        },
        {
            "word": "Psychophysic"
        },
        {
            "word": "Contextual"
        },
        {
            "word": "Effect"
        },
        {
            "word": "bird"
        },
        {
            "word": "human"
        }
    ],
    "section": "Research Article",
    "is_remote": true,
    "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2sc271t1",
    "frozenauthors": [
        {
            "first_name": "Barbara",
            "middle_name": "",
            "last_name": "Zoeke",
            "name_suffix": "",
            "institution": "University of Wurzburg",
            "department": "None"
        },
        {
            "first_name": "Viktor",
            "middle_name": "",
            "last_name": "Sarris",
            "name_suffix": "",
            "institution": "University of Frankfurt",
            "department": "None"
        },
        {
            "first_name": "Giovanni",
            "middle_name": "",
            "last_name": "Hofer",
            "name_suffix": "",
            "institution": "University of Frankurt",
            "department": "None"
        }
    ],
    "date_submitted": "2009-06-03T20:59:37Z",
    "date_accepted": "2009-06-03T20:59:37Z",
    "date_published": "2012-03-28T22:25:54Z",
    "render_galley": null,
    "galleys": [
        {
            "label": "",
            "type": "",
            "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/uclapsych_ijcp/article/4961/galley/2848/download/"
        }
    ]
}