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{
    "pk": 4987,
    "title": "The Perception of Complex Acoustic Patterns in Noise by Blue Monkey (\nCercopithecus mitts\n) and Human Listeners",
    "subtitle": null,
    "abstract": "Blue monkeys (\nCercopithecus mitis\n) were trained to detect complex acoustic signals embedded in noise. Masked thresholds were determined for four human consonant-vowel speech sounds (\nba, pa, ga,\n and\n ka\n), and four blue monkey calls (\nboom, pyow, chirp,\n and \ntrill\n). The ability of monkey listeners to hear these signals in noise was compared with humans. Results showed that monkey and human hearing was very similar. The mean difference between species for these eight stimuli in the broad-band noise environment was 2.3 dB. The signal-to-noise ratio for perception ranged from 4.8 dB for the ka to -23.8 dB for the boom. The four monkey calls were audible at a signal-to-noise level that was 8.1 dB less than that required for the detection of the speech sounds. However, most of this effect was due to the audibility of the boom. With the boom excluded, the mean signal-to-noise ratio for detection of the remaining 7 sounds was -0.5 dB, and the mean difference in the audibility of the speech and monkey sounds within this set was 2.6 dB. These results contrast with previous findings which used simulated rain forest noise as the masking noise (Brown, 1986). In rain forest noise, test signals were audible at signal-to-noise ratios approximately 10 dB less than those reported here, and the observed difference in the relative audibility of human and monkey utterances was larger. These findings suggest that rather small variations in the amplitude and spectrum of the ambient noise may have a strong influence on the audibility of vocal signals in nature.",
    "language": "en",
    "license": {
        "name": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0",
        "short_name": "CC BY 4.0",
        "text": "Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.",
        "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"
    },
    "keywords": [
        {
            "word": "International Journal of Comparative Psychology"
        },
        {
            "word": "Behavior"
        },
        {
            "word": "Behaviour"
        },
        {
            "word": "Behavioral Taxonomy"
        },
        {
            "word": "learning"
        },
        {
            "word": "cognition"
        },
        {
            "word": "Cognitive Processes"
        },
        {
            "word": "perception"
        },
        {
            "word": "Complex"
        },
        {
            "word": "Acoustic"
        },
        {
            "word": "Pattern"
        },
        {
            "word": "Noise"
        },
        {
            "word": "human"
        },
        {
            "word": "Listener"
        },
        {
            "word": "Blue, Monkey"
        }
    ],
    "section": "Research Article",
    "is_remote": true,
    "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8fp1z04k",
    "frozenauthors": [
        {
            "first_name": "Charles",
            "middle_name": "H",
            "last_name": "Brown",
            "name_suffix": "",
            "institution": "",
            "department": "None"
        },
        {
            "first_name": "Joan",
            "middle_name": "M",
            "last_name": "Sinnott",
            "name_suffix": "",
            "institution": "",
            "department": "None"
        }
    ],
    "date_submitted": "2012-10-04T22:16:46Z",
    "date_accepted": "2012-10-04T22:16:46Z",
    "date_published": "2012-10-04T22:51:55Z",
    "render_galley": null,
    "galleys": [
        {
            "label": "",
            "type": "",
            "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/uclapsych_ijcp/article/4987/galley/2868/download/"
        }
    ]
}