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{
    "pk": 50730,
    "title": "Anxiety Effects on Decsion Making with College Students",
    "subtitle": null,
    "abstract": "<p>With rising levels of anxiety among college students, understanding its effects on decision-making is crucial, such as whether to enter the workforce or attend graduate school. In two studies with undergraduate business students, we examined the correlation between anxiety and decision making (Study 1; N = 204) and experimentally induced anxiety to test for causality (Study 2; N = 249). We assessed decision-making using a hypothetical choice scenario between an entry-level job offer versus an MBA program, as well as standard measures of decision-making traits: time preference, risk aversion, and loss aversion. We hypothesized that higher anxiety levels would lead to greater preference for immediate rewards, greater risk and loss aversion, and thus greater preference for the job over the MBA. Counter to our hypotheses, neither study found a significant relationship between either measured or induced anxiety and participants’ decision between the job and the MBA. In addition, our anxiety manipulation did not work as planned in Study 2, with no differences in self-reported anxiety between conditions. We also did not find relationships between anxiety and either risk or loss aversion, but did find that anxiety correlated with more impatient time preferences in Study 1. Participants in the experimental condition had marginally more impatient time preferences and greater loss aversion than those in the neutral condition in Study 2. Future research should explore alternative methods of anxiety induction and other student populations to better understand how anxiety changes student decision making.</p>",
    "language": "eng",
    "license": {
        "name": "Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial  4.0",
        "short_name": "CC BY-NC 4.0",
        "text": "Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNonCommercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.",
        "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0"
    },
    "keywords": [
        {
            "word": "Behavioral Psychology"
        },
        {
            "word": " anxiety"
        },
        {
            "word": "anxiety"
        },
        {
            "word": "decision-making"
        },
        {
            "word": "Graduation"
        },
        {
            "word": "college students"
        },
        {
            "word": "Future Plans"
        }
    ],
    "section": "Articles",
    "is_remote": true,
    "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6vg307th",
    "frozenauthors": [
        {
            "first_name": "Marah",
            "middle_name": "",
            "last_name": "Salloum",
            "name_suffix": "",
            "institution": "",
            "department": "Psychology"
        },
        {
            "first_name": "Ye",
            "middle_name": "",
            "last_name": "Li",
            "name_suffix": "",
            "institution": "University of California, Riverside",
            "department": "School of Business Administration"
        }
    ],
    "date_submitted": "2025-08-22T18:40:17.713000Z",
    "date_accepted": "2025-08-22T18:41:51.475000Z",
    "date_published": "2025-08-21T19:00:00Z",
    "render_galley": null,
    "galleys": [
        {
            "label": "PDF",
            "type": "pdf",
            "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/ucr_undergrad_research_j/article/50730/galley/38789/download/"
        }
    ]
}