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{
    "pk": 50765,
    "title": "Linguistic and conceptual encoding of transfer events in English and Mandarin Chinese speakers",
    "subtitle": null,
    "abstract": "<p>This study investigates how English and Mandarin Chinese speakers linguistically encode transfer events (e.g., <em>give</em>, <em>take</em>). We test the hypothesis that transfer events, like motion events, involve Goal and Source paths and are therefore subject to a Goal bias, such that Goals are encoded more prominently than Sources. Across two experiments, speakers of both languages described transfer events. In both languages, descriptions showed a robust Goal bias: speakers mentioned Goals more often than Sources, even when controlling for potential Agent–Subject mapping effects, and they were more likely to use canonical Goal-encoding devices for Goals than canonical Source-encoding devices for Sources. These findings reveal a cross-linguistically reliable preference for Goals in transfer-event descriptions, consistent with the possibility that Goal prominence reflects general principles of event message planning. More broadly, the results provide support for accounts that extend Goal/Source path representations beyond spatial language.</p>",
    "language": "eng",
    "license": {
        "name": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0",
        "short_name": "CC BY 4.0",
        "text": "Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.",
        "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"
    },
    "keywords": [],
    "section": "Regular Article",
    "is_remote": true,
    "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8773j26k",
    "frozenauthors": [
        {
            "first_name": "Yiran",
            "middle_name": "",
            "last_name": "Chen",
            "name_suffix": "",
            "institution": "UW Madison",
            "department": ""
        },
        {
            "first_name": "Anna",
            "middle_name": "",
            "last_name": "Papafragou",
            "name_suffix": "",
            "institution": "University of Pennsylvania",
            "department": ""
        },
        {
            "first_name": "John",
            "middle_name": "",
            "last_name": "Trueswell",
            "name_suffix": "",
            "institution": "University of Pennsylvania",
            "department": "Psychology"
        }
    ],
    "date_submitted": "2025-08-27T12:48:50.008000-07:00",
    "date_accepted": "2026-03-25T10:27:00.685400-07:00",
    "date_published": "2026-05-13T06:00:00-07:00",
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