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{
    "pk": 50774,
    "title": "Exploring the Timing of Online Processing of Locative Constructions With Spanish Copulas <em>Ser</em> and <em>Estar</em>",
    "subtitle": null,
    "abstract": "<p>This study investigates how the semantic restrictions of Spanish copulas (ser and estar) impact the online processing of locative constructions. The choice of copula depends on the eventiveness of the subject noun: <em>ser</em> is used with event nouns (e.g., <em>La reunión es en la biblioteca </em>/ The meeting isser in the library), while <em>estar</em> is used with object nouns (e.g., <em>El libro está en la biblioteca</em> / The book is<sub>ESTAR</sub> in the library). By manipulating copula type (<em>ser</em> vs. <em>estar</em>) and noun type (event vs. object), we created compatible (<em>ser</em> + event, <em>estar</em> + object) and incompatible combinations. The results from a self-paced reading task and an eye-tracking experiment converge in showing that event nouns were read faster after <em>ser</em>, and object nouns were read faster after <em>estar</em>. These findings suggest that readers rapidly use the copula’s semantic restrictions to anticipate the eventiveness of upcoming nouns during sentence processing.</p>",
    "language": "eng",
    "license": {
        "name": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0",
        "short_name": "CC BY 4.0",
        "text": "Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.",
        "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"
    },
    "keywords": [],
    "section": "Regular Article",
    "is_remote": true,
    "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/31q9z60k",
    "frozenauthors": [
        {
            "first_name": "Miriam",
            "middle_name": "",
            "last_name": "Aguilar",
            "name_suffix": "",
            "institution": "Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Instituto Pluridisciplinar",
            "department": "Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Department of Psychology;",
            "country": "Spain"
        },
        {
            "first_name": "Natalia",
            "middle_name": "",
            "last_name": "López-Cortés",
            "name_suffix": "",
            "institution": "Universidad de Zaragoza",
            "department": "",
            "country": "Spain"
        },
        {
            "first_name": "Josep",
            "middle_name": "",
            "last_name": "Demestre",
            "name_suffix": "",
            "institution": "Universitat Rovira i Virgili",
            "department": "Department of Psychology, Research Center for Behaviour Assessment (CRAMC)",
            "country": "Spain"
        }
    ],
    "date_submitted": "2025-08-28T09:21:20.262000Z",
    "date_accepted": "2025-10-09T14:03:24.166000Z",
    "date_published": "2025-11-13T15:00:00Z",
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