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{
    "pk": 5180,
    "title": "Preliminary Study of Object Labeling Using Sound Production in a Beluga",
    "subtitle": null,
    "abstract": "A beluga was tested to label objects using vocal symbols in order to form a bidirectional relationship between the visual symbols and sounds. In the Training session, the subject was first trained todistinguish four objects by four separate calls that he made. He learned to emit different calls corresponding to the sample stimuli. Next, these three recorded calls were played back to the subject,and he was required to select the objects (comparative stimuli) corresponding to the presented sound. He succeeded in correctly choosing the objects corresponding to the sounds played back. In the Test session, when a completely new recorded sound was presented to the subject, he could choose the correct object by matching the sample sound with the object. It is suggested that a beluga have realized bidirectional relationships or symmetrical relationship between visual symbols and sounds.This is a preliminary study that shows both production and comprehension of symbols in marine mammals.",
    "language": "en",
    "license": {
        "name": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0",
        "short_name": "CC BY 4.0",
        "text": "Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.",
        "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"
    },
    "keywords": [
        {
            "word": "International Journal of Comparative Psychology, Behavior, Behaviour, Communication, Vocalization, Comparative Psychology, Behavioral Taxonomy, Behavioural Taoxonomy, Cognition, Cognitive Processes,.."
        }
    ],
    "section": "Research Article",
    "is_remote": true,
    "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1jg2m9x4",
    "frozenauthors": [
        {
            "first_name": "Murayama",
            "middle_name": "",
            "last_name": "Tsukasa",
            "name_suffix": "",
            "institution": "Tokai University",
            "department": "None"
        },
        {
            "first_name": "Yuki",
            "middle_name": "",
            "last_name": "Fujii",
            "name_suffix": "",
            "institution": "Tokai University",
            "department": "None"
        },
        {
            "first_name": "Takayuki",
            "middle_name": "",
            "last_name": "Hashimoto",
            "name_suffix": "",
            "institution": "Tokai University",
            "department": "None"
        },
        {
            "first_name": "Aya",
            "middle_name": "",
            "last_name": "Shimoda",
            "name_suffix": "",
            "institution": "Tokai University",
            "department": "None"
        },
        {
            "first_name": "So",
            "middle_name": "",
            "last_name": "Iijima",
            "name_suffix": "",
            "institution": "Tokai University",
            "department": "None"
        },
        {
            "first_name": "Kohei",
            "middle_name": "",
            "last_name": "Hayasaka",
            "name_suffix": "",
            "institution": "Tokai University",
            "department": "None"
        },
        {
            "first_name": "Narumi",
            "middle_name": "",
            "last_name": "Shiroma",
            "name_suffix": "",
            "institution": "Tokai University",
            "department": "None"
        },
        {
            "first_name": "Mana",
            "middle_name": "",
            "last_name": "Koshikawa",
            "name_suffix": "",
            "institution": "Tokai University",
            "department": "None"
        },
        {
            "first_name": "Hiroshi",
            "middle_name": "",
            "last_name": "Katsumata",
            "name_suffix": "",
            "institution": "Kamogawa Sea World",
            "department": "None"
        },
        {
            "first_name": "Makoto",
            "middle_name": "",
            "last_name": "Soichi",
            "name_suffix": "",
            "institution": "Kamogawa Sea World",
            "department": "None"
        },
        {
            "first_name": "Kazutoshi",
            "middle_name": "",
            "last_name": "Arai",
            "name_suffix": "",
            "institution": "Kamogawa Sea World",
            "department": "None"
        }
    ],
    "date_submitted": "2013-11-09T19:20:54Z",
    "date_accepted": "2013-11-09T19:20:54Z",
    "date_published": "2012-08-01T07:00:00Z",
    "render_galley": null,
    "galleys": [
        {
            "label": "",
            "type": "",
            "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/uclapsych_ijcp/article/5180/galley/3060/download/"
        }
    ]
}