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{
    "pk": 5204,
    "title": "Encoding the Object Position for Assessment of Short Term Spatial Memory in Horses (\nEquus caballus\n)",
    "subtitle": null,
    "abstract": "In this study, the detour problem was combined with the classic delayed-response task to investigate equine short-term spatial memory. Test subjects were eight female horses, divided into two groups (A and B) of four subjects each. The motivating object was made to move and disappear behind one oftwo identical obstacles in a two-point-choice apparatus. After a 10 s (Group A) or 30 s (Group B) delay the animal was released to seek the object. Both groups made more correct (14.8 ± 1.3 forGroup A and 13.5 ± 3.1 for Group B, mean ± SD) than incorrect choices (5.3 ± 1.3 for Group A and6.5 ± 3.1 for Group B, mean ± SD) and the performance of each group was significantly above chance level (z = 4.14,  p = 0.000, for Group A and z = 3.02, p = 0.002, for Group B). Therefore, tested animals were able to recover the object by approaching the correct obstacle after 10 s or 30 s delays, showing that they had encoded and recovered from memory the existence of the target object and its location.",
    "language": "en",
    "license": {
        "name": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0",
        "short_name": "CC BY 4.0",
        "text": "Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.",
        "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"
    },
    "keywords": [
        {
            "word": "International Journal of Comparative Psychology, Behavior, Behaviour, Communication, Vocalization, Comparative Psychology, Behavioral Taxonomy, Cognition, Cognitive Processes, Intelligence, Object P.."
        }
    ],
    "section": "Research Article",
    "is_remote": true,
    "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7rj558vv",
    "frozenauthors": [
        {
            "first_name": "Paolo",
            "middle_name": "",
            "last_name": "Baragli",
            "name_suffix": "",
            "institution": "University of Pisa",
            "department": "None"
        },
        {
            "first_name": "Valentina",
            "middle_name": "",
            "last_name": "Vitale",
            "name_suffix": "",
            "institution": "University of Pisa",
            "department": "None"
        },
        {
            "first_name": "Elisa",
            "middle_name": "",
            "last_name": "Paoletti",
            "name_suffix": "",
            "institution": "University of Pisa",
            "department": "None"
        },
        {
            "first_name": "Manuel",
            "middle_name": "",
            "last_name": "Mengoli",
            "name_suffix": "",
            "institution": "University of Pisa",
            "department": "None"
        },
        {
            "first_name": "Claudio",
            "middle_name": "",
            "last_name": "Sighieri",
            "name_suffix": "",
            "institution": "University of Pisa",
            "department": "None"
        }
    ],
    "date_submitted": "2013-11-10T03:06:26Z",
    "date_accepted": "2013-11-10T03:06:26Z",
    "date_published": "2011-08-01T07:00:00Z",
    "render_galley": null,
    "galleys": [
        {
            "label": "",
            "type": "",
            "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/uclapsych_ijcp/article/5204/galley/3084/download/"
        }
    ]
}