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{
    "pk": 5344,
    "title": "California Sea Lions (Zalophus californianus) Can Follow Human Finger Points and Glances",
    "subtitle": null,
    "abstract": "The aim of this study was to determine whether California sea lions (\nZalophus californianus\n) are capable of using subtle human gestural cues in a series of object choice tests. Four sea lions, housed at  Parc Astérix Dolphinarium (Plailly, France), were tested using three gestural cues: hip-based finger points, chest-based finger points and eye glances (no head movement involved). Above chance performance was found in response to these cues in 4/4, 2/4, and 1/4 sea lions, respectively, suggesting that the sea lions were able to generalize their response from conspicuous pointing gestures to subtle finger pointing, as well as to eye glance cue for one subject. Discrepancies in accuracy rates between the cues confirmed however that conspicuousness of the pointing gesture is determinant for the ability of the sea lions to exploit it efficiently. These findings reinforce the hypothesis that human-socialization of undomesticated species can lead some individuals to develop an affinity for interpreting very subtle human gestural cues.",
    "language": "en",
    "license": {
        "name": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0",
        "short_name": "CC BY 4.0",
        "text": "Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.",
        "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"
    },
    "keywords": [
        {
            "word": "Pointing"
        },
        {
            "word": "social cognition"
        },
        {
            "word": "interspecific communication"
        },
        {
            "word": "California sea lions"
        },
        {
            "word": "Zalophus californianus"
        }
    ],
    "section": "Research Article",
    "is_remote": true,
    "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8z9844xg",
    "frozenauthors": [
        {
            "first_name": "Thomas",
            "middle_name": "",
            "last_name": "Arkwright",
            "name_suffix": "",
            "institution": "Anglia Ruskin University",
            "department": "None"
        },
        {
            "first_name": "Raphaelle",
            "middle_name": "",
            "last_name": "Malassis",
            "name_suffix": "",
            "institution": "Paris 13 University",
            "department": "None"
        },
        {
            "first_name": "Toby",
            "middle_name": "",
            "last_name": "Carter",
            "name_suffix": "",
            "institution": "Anglia Ruskin University",
            "department": "None"
        },
        {
            "first_name": "Fabienne",
            "middle_name": "",
            "last_name": "Delfour",
            "name_suffix": "",
            "institution": "Parc Asterix",
            "department": "None"
        }
    ],
    "date_submitted": "2015-01-28T20:50:18+01:00",
    "date_accepted": "2015-01-28T20:50:18+01:00",
    "date_published": "2016-12-15T09:00:00+01:00",
    "render_galley": null,
    "galleys": [
        {
            "label": "",
            "type": "",
            "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/uclapsych_ijcp/article/5344/galley/3202/download/"
        }
    ]
}