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{
    "pk": 5547,
    "title": "The frequency of solitary behaviours in captive odontocetes is modulated by environmental and social factors",
    "subtitle": null,
    "abstract": "The number of welfare-oriented studies is increasing in animals under human care, including odontocetes. However, validated welfare indicators are lacking for captive odontocetes. We studied the effect of several conditions (moment of the day, social grouping, public presence) and stimuli (enrichment, perturbations) on the solitary behaviour of Yangtze finless porpoises (\nNeophocaena asiaeorientalis asiaeorientalis\n), East-Asian finless porpoises (\nN. a. sunameri\n) and bottlenose dolphins (\nTursiops truncatus\n). The frequency of solitary play increased in the three groups in positive conditions and decreased in negative contexts, which confirms that play is a useful indicator of welfare for captive odontocetes. Jumping seem to be indicative of stress for finless porpoises but could be ambiguous for bottlenose dolphins: indicating both positive and negative excitation. Stereotypical behaviours for Yangtze finless porpoises and environment hitting behaviours for bottlenose dolphins could indicate mild stress or frustration. Vigilant behaviours are not clear indicators since a high frequency could reflect boredom, but a low frequency was observed in poor social conditions. Finally, we suggest that environmental rubbing should be investigated further since our results for this behaviour were not clear.",
    "language": "en",
    "license": {
        "name": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0",
        "short_name": "CC BY 4.0",
        "text": "Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.",
        "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"
    },
    "keywords": [
        {
            "word": "Bottlenose Dolphin"
        },
        {
            "word": "finless porpoise"
        },
        {
            "word": "Play"
        },
        {
            "word": "stereotypical behaviour"
        },
        {
            "word": "vigilant behaviour"
        },
        {
            "word": "Welfare"
        }
    ],
    "section": "Research Article",
    "is_remote": true,
    "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/42h458vs",
    "frozenauthors": [
        {
            "first_name": "Agathe",
            "middle_name": "",
            "last_name": "Serres",
            "name_suffix": "",
            "institution": "Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences",
            "department": "None"
        }
    ],
    "date_submitted": "2019-07-05T16:34:47+03:00",
    "date_accepted": "2019-07-05T16:34:47+03:00",
    "date_published": "2019-12-22T22:10:04+03:00",
    "render_galley": null,
    "galleys": [
        {
            "label": "",
            "type": "",
            "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/uclapsych_ijcp/article/5547/galley/3359/download/"
        }
    ]
}