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{
    "pk": 57222,
    "title": "Evidential coding in Lezgi",
    "subtitle": null,
    "abstract": "Evidentiality is “grammatical marking of how we know something”  (Aikhenvald 2014:3). As evidentiality is a well-known feature in many  Nakh-Daghestanian languages, this paper investigates the expression of  evidential meanings in Lezgi, a language which has received less  attention in this area. This paper compares evidential meanings of verb  forms with the existing findings in a related language, Aghul (Majsak  & Merdanova 2002a), and then considers other ways of conveying  evidential meanings non-lexically. The language data were collected  through elicitation and study of natural texts. Following Aikhenvald  (2004), semantic labels were established for different evidential  meanings.\n \nRegarding indirect evidentiality, the Lezgi Perfect was  found to display the meaning of inference, thus largely coinciding with  the inferential use of the Aghul Resultative. In addition, a verb  construction involving a nominalized predicative and an equative  particle conveys the meaning of inference accompanied by epistemic  uncertainty. The Lezgi Aorist is in general evidentially neutral, but  can acquire readings of direct, witnessed information source,  accompanied by the modal meaning of reliability. However, the opposition  displayed in Aghul between witnessed and reported meanings does not  find reflection in the Lezgi past tense forms.\n \nIn the area of speech reports, evidential meanings can be displayed in Lezgi by two markers, originating from the speech verb \nluhun\n:\n \na  grammaticalised clitic expressing hearsay, and a converb form  expressing the meaning of quotative. Discourse particles display  evidential and mirative meanings.",
    "language": "en",
    "license": {
        "name": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0",
        "short_name": "CC BY 4.0",
        "text": "Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\n\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.",
        "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"
    },
    "keywords": [
        {
            "word": "Lezgi language, Aghul language, evidentiality, perfect, inference"
        }
    ],
    "section": "Articles",
    "is_remote": true,
    "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0w59z5t4",
    "frozenauthors": [
        {
            "first_name": "Teija",
            "middle_name": "",
            "last_name": "Greed",
            "name_suffix": "",
            "institution": "University of Helsinki and SIL International",
            "department": ""
        }
    ],
    "date_submitted": "2017-07-25T19:01:56Z",
    "date_accepted": "2017-07-25T19:01:56Z",
    "date_published": "2017-01-01T00:00:00Z",
    "render_galley": null,
    "galleys": [
        {
            "label": "",
            "type": "pdf",
            "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/languagesofcaucasus/article/57222/galley/43407/download/"
        }
    ]
}