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{
    "pk": 5730,
    "title": "Maintaining a Competitive Edge: Dominance Hierarchies, Food Competition and Strategies To Secure Food in Green Anoles (\nAnolis carolinensis\n) and Firemouth Cichlids (\nThorichthys meeki\n)",
    "subtitle": null,
    "abstract": "We explored whether the opportunity to learn about the arrival of food, a scarce resource, might facilitate subordinates’ food-stealing attempts―and dominants’ strategies to prevent stealing―in two species, namely green anole lizards (\nAnolis carolinensis\n) and firemouth cichlid fish (\nThorichthys meeki\n). Following establishment of a dominance hierarchy, each group was randomly assigned to one of two treatment conditions, either a learning treatment in which a signal preceded the appearance of food, or a control treatment in which both signal and food appeared at randomly determined times. Dominants and subordinates of both species learned to anticipate food arrival using learned cues, which in turn changed their social dynamic. In anoles, learning enabled subordinates to steal food more effectively, and both dominants and subordinates to capture it more quickly. Alternatively, learning enabled dominant cichlids to protect their food more successfully by mounting a more aggressive defense. These results suggest that learning could play an important role in the competition for a scarce resource amongst many animals that form dominance hierarchies.",
    "language": "en",
    "license": {
        "name": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0",
        "short_name": "CC BY 4.0",
        "text": "Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.",
        "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"
    },
    "keywords": [
        {
            "word": "International Journal of Comparative Psychology"
        },
        {
            "word": "Behavior"
        },
        {
            "word": "Behaviour"
        },
        {
            "word": "learning"
        },
        {
            "word": "Behavioral Taxonomy"
        },
        {
            "word": "cognition"
        },
        {
            "word": "Cognitive Processes"
        },
        {
            "word": "Conditioning"
        },
        {
            "word": "Intelligence"
        },
        {
            "word": "Choice"
        },
        {
            "word": "Dominance Hierarchies"
        },
        {
            "word": "Food Competition"
        },
        {
            "word": "Anole Lizard"
        },
        {
            "word": "Firemouth Chichil Fish"
        }
    ],
    "section": "Research Article",
    "is_remote": true,
    "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2b52b5k9",
    "frozenauthors": [
        {
            "first_name": "Karen L.",
            "middle_name": "",
            "last_name": "Hollis",
            "name_suffix": "",
            "institution": "Mount Holyoke College, U.S.A.",
            "department": "None"
        },
        {
            "first_name": "Lisa A.",
            "middle_name": "",
            "last_name": "Blouin",
            "name_suffix": "",
            "institution": "Mount Holyoke College, U.S.A.",
            "department": "None"
        },
        {
            "first_name": "Mary C.",
            "middle_name": "",
            "last_name": "Romano",
            "name_suffix": "",
            "institution": "Mount Holyoke College, U.S.A.",
            "department": "None"
        },
        {
            "first_name": "Kristin S.",
            "middle_name": "",
            "last_name": "Langworthy-Lam",
            "name_suffix": "",
            "institution": "Mount Holyoke College, U.S.A.",
            "department": "None"
        },
        {
            "first_name": "Julie",
            "middle_name": "",
            "last_name": "Siegenthaler",
            "name_suffix": "",
            "institution": "Mount Holyoke College, U.S.A.",
            "department": "None"
        }
    ],
    "date_submitted": "2009-05-01T00:00:00-07:00",
    "date_accepted": "2009-05-01T00:00:00-07:00",
    "date_published": "2004-12-31T00:00:00-08:00",
    "render_galley": null,
    "galleys": [
        {
            "label": "",
            "type": "",
            "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/uclapsych_ijcp/article/5730/galley/3485/download/"
        }
    ]
}