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{
    "pk": 58006,
    "title": "History, Culture, and A Tale of Two Queens: Exploring the Ngatu in ‘Amui ‘i Mu‘a/Ancient Futures at Hastings City Art Gallery Te Whare Toi o Heretaunga, 2023, with a Preface by Elham Salari",
    "subtitle": null,
    "abstract": "This article reproduces a gallery talk introducing the cultural and historical significance of three \nngatu\n (Tongan barkcloths) from the Hawkes Bay Museums Trust Collection, which were central to the 2023 exhibition ‘\nAmui ‘i Mu‘a/Ancient Futures\n at Hastings City Art Gallery Te Whare Toi o Heretaunga. \nNgatu,\n made from the inner bark of the paper mulberry tree, are integral to Tongan culture, functioning as both practical and ceremonial objects. They are used to mark important life events, including weddings, funerals, and royal ceremonies, and represent a material link between past and present. The article explores how \nngatu\n embody Tongan time, where the present is a dynamic intersection of past and future. It also highlights how \nngatu\n symbolized the deep connection and mutual respect between Queen Sālote Tupou III of Tonga and Queen Elizabeth II. During Queen Elizabeth’s visit to Tonga in 1953, lengths of \nngatu\n were laid out for her, both in her honor and to contain her \nmana\n (spiritual power). One of these cloths later accompanied Queen Sālote’s coffin when she was returned to Tonga after her death in Auckland in 1965.",
    "language": "en",
    "license": {
        "name": "Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives  4.0",
        "short_name": "CC BY-NC-ND 4.0",
        "text": "Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\n\nNonCommercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes.\n\nNoDerivatives — If you remix, transform, or build upon the material, you may not distribute the modified material.\n\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.",
        "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0"
    },
    "keywords": [
        {
            "word": "Tongan barkcloth (ngatu), Koloa tukufakaholo, Amui ‘i Mu‘a/Ancient Futures, Tongan cultural heritage, Tongan diaspora, tapa, barkcloth, museum collections, Polynesian art, Queen Sālote Tupou III, Qu.."
        }
    ],
    "section": "Hastings City Art Gallery, Aotearoa New Zealand, August 5–November 5, 2023",
    "is_remote": true,
    "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/350437g1",
    "frozenauthors": [
        {
            "first_name": "Billie",
            "middle_name": "",
            "last_name": "Lythberg",
            "name_suffix": "",
            "institution": "",
            "department": ""
        },
        {
            "first_name": "Elham",
            "middle_name": "",
            "last_name": "Salari",
            "name_suffix": "",
            "institution": "",
            "department": ""
        }
    ],
    "date_submitted": "2025-02-04T13:05:03-08:00",
    "date_accepted": "2025-02-04T13:05:03-08:00",
    "date_published": "2025-02-04T00:00:00-08:00",
    "render_galley": null,
    "galleys": [
        {
            "label": "",
            "type": "pdf",
            "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/pacificarts/article/58006/galley/44183/download/"
        }
    ]
}