Article Instance

HTTP 200 OK
Allow: GET
Content-Type: application/json
Vary: Accept

{
    "pk": 59705,
    "title": "Raising the Standard of Evidence for Initiating an Identification Procedure",
    "subtitle": null,
    "abstract": "How do police select suspects for witnesses to identify? There is currently no standard for the quantity of evidence required before investigators can order an identification procedure. Because eyewitness misidentification continues to be the leading cause of wrongful convictions, law and policy should guide police discretion at this investigatory stage by requiring detectives to show an evidentiary basis for placing suspects in lineups, showups, or photo arrays. The American Law Institute has proposed an addition to the Model Penal Code requiring police to have a \nstrong basis\n in factual evidence before conducting identification procedures. The American Psychology-Law Society called for an \nevidence-based suspicion\n standard. Current law provides Fifth Amendment due process challenges to the suggestiveness of such procedures post hoc but does not address the reasons police may apply them to subjects ab initio, which is a Fourth Amendment concern. Reviewing \nTerry v. Ohio\n (1968), Justice Brennan’s dicta in \nDavis v. Mississippi \n(1969), and \nMaryland v. Buie\n (1990), this Article outlines Fourth Amendment-based arguments for developing a standard of evidence for initiating identification procedures, concluding that the \nreasonable suspicion\n standard of \nTerry \nis insufficient, and an \narticulable facts\n standard should be implemented.",
    "language": "en",
    "license": null,
    "keywords": [],
    "section": "Articles",
    "is_remote": true,
    "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5gj837r0",
    "frozenauthors": [
        {
            "first_name": "Candace",
            "middle_name": "",
            "last_name": "McCoy",
            "name_suffix": "",
            "institution": "",
            "department": ""
        },
        {
            "first_name": "Jacqueline",
            "middle_name": "",
            "last_name": "Katzman",
            "name_suffix": "",
            "institution": "",
            "department": ""
        }
    ],
    "date_submitted": "2021-09-21T05:18:45+05:30",
    "date_accepted": "2021-09-21T05:18:45+05:30",
    "date_published": "2021-01-01T05:30:00+05:30",
    "render_galley": null,
    "galleys": [
        {
            "label": "",
            "type": "pdf",
            "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/uclalaw_cjlr/article/59705/galley/45665/download/"
        }
    ]
}