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{
    "pk": 62557,
    "title": "Delta Subsidence Reversal, Levee Failure, and Aquatic Habitat—A Cautionary Tale",
    "subtitle": null,
    "abstract": "Various schemes are often suggested to reverse the subsidence of lands below sea level in California’s Sacramento—San Joaquin Delta, an area protected by levees (dikes) that have significant probabilities of failure. Elementary modeling is used to estimate the probability distribution of land elevations at time of failure for 36 of these subsided islands, assuming a reasonable potential subsidence reversal rate. Given estimated annual probabilities of levee failure, elevation gains at this rate are not expected to exceed 1 to 2 m before flooding, which would be insufficient to restore most subsided islands to mean sea level (msl). However, under some circumstances 1- to 2-m gains are significant. A framework is introduced for evaluating islands as promising candidates for subsidence reversal based on elevation goals other than msl, as demonstrated though a hypothetical aquatic habitat\nexample. Here, we recommend relevant subsidence reversal strategies by comparing an elevation goal with each island’s anticipated flooded depth, and we prioritize islands for investment based on trade-offs between anticipated outcome and lost agricultural revenues. This approach might help integrate subsidence reversal activities into long-term Delta planning under a range of flooding, land use, and habitat management scenarios.",
    "language": "en",
    "license": {
        "name": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0",
        "short_name": "CC BY 4.0",
        "text": "Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\n\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.",
        "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"
    },
    "keywords": [
        {
            "word": "Subsidence reversal, levee failure, Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta, flooded islands, aquatic habitat, agricultural revenue"
        },
        {
            "word": "engineering"
        },
        {
            "word": "ecology"
        }
    ],
    "section": "Research Article",
    "is_remote": true,
    "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9pp3n639",
    "frozenauthors": [
        {
            "first_name": "Matthew",
            "middle_name": "E.",
            "last_name": "Bates",
            "name_suffix": "",
            "institution": "Environmental Laboratory, Engineer Research and Development Center, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers",
            "department": ""
        },
        {
            "first_name": "Jay",
            "middle_name": "R.",
            "last_name": "Lund",
            "name_suffix": "",
            "institution": "Center for Watershed Sciences, University of California, Davis",
            "department": ""
        }
    ],
    "date_submitted": "2009-10-06T01:59:08Z",
    "date_accepted": "2009-10-06T01:59:08Z",
    "date_published": "2013-03-29T07:00:00Z",
    "render_galley": null,
    "galleys": [
        {
            "label": "",
            "type": "pdf",
            "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/jmie_sfews/article/62557/galley/48308/download/"
        }
    ]
}