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{
    "pk": 62714,
    "title": "Physical Controls on the Distribution of the Submersed Aquatic Weed \nEgeria densa\n in the Sacramento–San Joaquin Delta and Implications for Habitat Restoration",
    "subtitle": null,
    "abstract": "The invasive aquatic plant \nEgeria densa\n (Brazilian waterweed) is a submersed aquatic plant that has expanded its distribution in both its native and introduced range. Because the plant grows so densely, it can become a problem for management of waterways and habitat restoration projects. It is difficult to remove once established and mechanical and chemical controls have shown limited effectiveness. Here we analyze the distribution of \nE. densa\n in the Sacramento–San Joaquin Delta (the Delta) of California, USA, using environmental variables that include mean water velocity, mean water turbidity, and water column depth. We found that increasing water column depth strongly limited \nE. densa\n occurrence, especially when depth at mean lower low water (MLLW) exceeds 2 m. The highest probability of occurrence occurred at locations with a water column depth of −1 to 2 m at MLLW. Turbidity had a reliably negative effect on \nE. densa\n occurrence; as water clarity has increased in the Delta, it has likely favored the spread of the plant. Neither mean water velocity nor maximum water velocity had a reliable effect on \nE. densa\n probability, in spite of scientific and observational evidence that it is sensitive to flows. These results suggest potentially serious problems with restoration projects that emphasize shallow water habitat in the range favored by \nE. densa\n. Without some way to manage spread of the plant—through spraying, sediment loading, or gating—channels in such projects are at risk of being taken over by \nE. densa\n. However, these results should be interpreted in light of the fact that water outflow in water year 2008 was very low, and that \nE. densa\n abundance may be partially controlled by higher water flows than those considered here.",
    "language": "en",
    "license": {
        "name": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0",
        "short_name": "CC BY 4.0",
        "text": "Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\n\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.",
        "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"
    },
    "keywords": [
        {
            "word": "submersed aquatic vegetation, invasive organisms, estuaries, turbidity, water quality, hydrodynamics, restoration"
        }
    ],
    "section": "Research Article",
    "is_remote": true,
    "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/85c9h479",
    "frozenauthors": [
        {
            "first_name": "John",
            "middle_name": "",
            "last_name": "Durand",
            "name_suffix": "",
            "institution": "University of California, Davis",
            "department": ""
        },
        {
            "first_name": "William",
            "middle_name": "",
            "last_name": "Fleenor",
            "name_suffix": "",
            "institution": "Center for Watershed Sciences and Department of Civil Engineering\nUniversity of California, Davis",
            "department": ""
        },
        {
            "first_name": "Richard",
            "middle_name": "",
            "last_name": "McElreath",
            "name_suffix": "",
            "institution": "Department of Human Behavior, Ecology, and Culture\nMax Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology",
            "department": ""
        },
        {
            "first_name": "Maria",
            "middle_name": "J.",
            "last_name": "Santos",
            "name_suffix": "",
            "institution": "Department of Innovation, Environmental, and Energy Sciences\nUniversiteit Utrecht",
            "department": ""
        },
        {
            "first_name": "Peter",
            "middle_name": "",
            "last_name": "Moyle",
            "name_suffix": "",
            "institution": "University of California, Davis",
            "department": ""
        }
    ],
    "date_submitted": "2016-03-19T01:45:13+11:00",
    "date_accepted": "2016-03-19T01:45:13+11:00",
    "date_published": "2016-03-22T18:00:00+11:00",
    "render_galley": null,
    "galleys": [
        {
            "label": "",
            "type": "pdf",
            "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/jmie_sfews/article/62714/galley/48396/download/"
        }
    ]
}