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{
    "pk": 62783,
    "title": "Hourly Analyses of the Large Storms and Atmospheric Rivers that Provide Most of California’s Precipitation in Only 10 to 100 Hours per Year",
    "subtitle": null,
    "abstract": "https://doi.org/10.15447/sfews.2018v16iss4art1\n \nCalifornia is regularly affected by floods and droughts, primarily as a result of too many or too few atmospheric rivers (ARs). This study analyzes a 2-decade-long hourly precipitation data set from 176 California weather stations and a 3-hourly AR chronology to report variations in rainfall events across California and their association with ARs. On average, 10–40 and 60–120 hours of rainfall in southern and northern California, respectively, are responsible for more than half of annual rainfall accumulations. Approximately 10% to 30% of annual precipitation at locations across the state is from only one large storm. On average, northern California receives 25 to 45 rainfall events annually (40% to 50% of which are AR-related). These events typically last longer and have higher event-precipitation totals than those in southern California. Northern California also receives more AR landfalls with longer durations and stronger Integrated Vapor Transport (IVT). On average, ARs contribute 79%, 76%, and 68% of extreme-rainfall accumulations (i.e., top 5% events annually) in the north coast, northern Sierra, and Transverse Ranges of southern California, respectively.\n \nThe San Francisco Bay Area terrain gap in the California Coast Range allows more AR water vapor to reach inland over the Delta and Sacramento Valley, and thus influences precipitation in the Delta’s catchment. This is particularly important for extreme precipitation in the northern Sierra Nevada, including river basins above Oroville Dam and Shasta Dam. \n \nThis study highlights differences between rainfall and AR characteristics in coastal versus inland northern California — differences that largely determine the regional geography of flood risks and water reliability. These analyses support water resource, flood, levee, wetland, and ecosystem management within the catchment of the San Francisco Estuary system by describing regional characteristics of ARs and their influence on rainfall on an hourly time-scale.",
    "language": "en",
    "license": {
        "name": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0",
        "short_name": "CC BY 4.0",
        "text": "Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\n\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.",
        "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"
    },
    "keywords": [
        {
            "word": "California precipitation, atmospheric rivers, hourly rainfall characteristics, extreme rainfall, flood, San Francisco Bay Area, Sierra Nevada"
        }
    ],
    "section": "Research Article",
    "is_remote": true,
    "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3jr7z162",
    "frozenauthors": [
        {
            "first_name": "Maryam",
            "middle_name": "A.",
            "last_name": "Lamjiri",
            "name_suffix": "",
            "institution": "Center for Western Weather and Water Extremes, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego",
            "department": ""
        },
        {
            "first_name": "Michael",
            "middle_name": "D.",
            "last_name": "Dettinger",
            "name_suffix": "",
            "institution": "Center for Western Weather and Water Extremes, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego\nand\nU.S. Geological Survey",
            "department": ""
        },
        {
            "first_name": "F.",
            "middle_name": "Martin",
            "last_name": "Ralph",
            "name_suffix": "",
            "institution": "Center for Western Weather and Water Extremes, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego",
            "department": ""
        },
        {
            "first_name": "Nina",
            "middle_name": "S.",
            "last_name": "Oakley",
            "name_suffix": "",
            "institution": "Center for Western Weather and Water Extremes, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego\nand\nDesert Research Institute, University of Nevada, Reno",
            "department": ""
        },
        {
            "first_name": "Jonathan",
            "middle_name": "J.",
            "last_name": "Rutz",
            "name_suffix": "",
            "institution": "Science and Technology Infusion Division, National Weather Service",
            "department": ""
        }
    ],
    "date_submitted": "2018-10-31T02:32:13+01:00",
    "date_accepted": "2018-10-31T02:32:13+01:00",
    "date_published": "2018-12-22T09:00:00+01:00",
    "render_galley": null,
    "galleys": [
        {
            "label": "",
            "type": "pdf",
            "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/jmie_sfews/article/62783/galley/48464/download/"
        }
    ]
}