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{
    "pk": 62853,
    "title": "Investigation of Molecular Pathogen Screening Assays for Use in Delta Smelt",
    "subtitle": null,
    "abstract": "Pathogen surveillance must be part of any population supplementation or reintroduction program for the conservation of threatened and endangered species. The unintended transmission of pathogens can have devastating effects on these already at-risk populations or the natural ecosystem at large. In the San Francisco Estuary (estuary), abundance of the endemic Delta Smelt (\nHypomesus transpacificus\n) has declined to the point where regulatory managers are preparing to augment the wild population using fish propagated in a hatchery to prevent species extinction. Although disease is not an overt cause of population decline, comprehensive pathogen presence and prevalence data are lacking. Here, we performed a pilot study that applied molecular assays originally developed in salmonids to assess the presence of a wide variety of pathogens in the gill tissue of cultured and wild Delta Smelt—as well as cultured fish—deployed in enclosures in the estuary. We found the assays to be highly sensitive, and observed positive detections of a single pathogen, \nIchthyophthirius multifiliis\n, in 13% of cultured Delta Smelt. We also detected ten other pathogens at very low levels in cultured, enclosure-deployed, and wild Delta Smelt that likely represent the ambient pathogen composition in the estuary (as opposed to actual infection). Our results corroborate previous work that cultured Delta Smelt do not appear to present a high risk for pathogen transmission during population supplementation or reintroduction. However, the molecular pathogen screening assays tested here have great utility as an early warning system indicator of when further diagnostic testing might be necessary to limit the extent and frequency of disease outbreaks; their utility will be further increased once they are customized for Delta Smelt.",
    "language": "en",
    "license": {
        "name": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0",
        "short_name": "CC BY 4.0",
        "text": "Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\n\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.",
        "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"
    },
    "keywords": [
        {
            "word": "Delta Smelt, pathogen, San Francisco Estuary, supplementation, Ichthyophthirius multifiliis"
        }
    ],
    "section": "Research Article",
    "is_remote": true,
    "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6gj0c4zs",
    "frozenauthors": [
        {
            "first_name": "Daphne",
            "middle_name": "A.",
            "last_name": "Gille",
            "name_suffix": "",
            "institution": "California Department of Water Resources\nSacramento, CA 95814 USA",
            "department": ""
        },
        {
            "first_name": "Bryan",
            "middle_name": "T.",
            "last_name": "Barney",
            "name_suffix": "",
            "institution": "School of Veterinary Medicine,\nDepartment of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology\nUniversity of California, Davis\nDavis, CA 95616 USA\nand\nCalifornia Department of Fish and Wildlife\nSacramento, CA 95814 USA",
            "department": ""
        },
        {
            "first_name": "Amelie",
            "middle_name": "",
            "last_name": "Segarra",
            "name_suffix": "",
            "institution": "School of Veterinary Medicine,\nDepartment of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology\nUniversity of California, Davis\nDavis, CA 95616 USA",
            "department": ""
        },
        {
            "first_name": "Melinda",
            "middle_name": "R.",
            "last_name": "Baerwald",
            "name_suffix": "",
            "institution": "California Department of Water Resources\nSacramento, CA 95814 USA",
            "department": ""
        },
        {
            "first_name": "Andrea",
            "middle_name": "D.",
            "last_name": "Schreier",
            "name_suffix": "",
            "institution": "Department of Animal Science\nUniversity of California, Davis\nDavis, CA 95616 USA",
            "department": ""
        },
        {
            "first_name": "Richard",
            "middle_name": "E.",
            "last_name": "Connon",
            "name_suffix": "",
            "institution": "School of Veterinary Medicine,\nDepartment of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology\nUniversity of California, Davis\nDavis, CA 95616 USA",
            "department": ""
        }
    ],
    "date_submitted": "2022-03-07T11:05:01+08:00",
    "date_accepted": "2022-03-07T11:05:01+08:00",
    "date_published": "2022-03-17T15:00:00+08:00",
    "render_galley": null,
    "galleys": [
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            "label": "",
            "type": "pdf",
            "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/jmie_sfews/article/62853/galley/48535/download/"
        }
    ]
}