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{ "pk": 62861, "title": "Wakasagi in the San Francisco Bay–Delta Watershed: Comparative Trends in Distribution and Life-History Traits with Native Delta Smelt", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Intentional introductions of non-native fishes can have severe consequences on native communities. Wakasagi (Hypomesus nipponensis, referred to as Japanese Pond Smelt) are native to Japan and were once separated from their non-native congener the endangered Delta Smelt (Hypomesus transpacificus) of the San Francisco Estuary (hereon ‘estuary’) of California (CA). Wakasagi were introduced into CA reservoirs in the 20th century as forage fish. Wakasagi have since expanded their distribution downstream to the estuary, but less is known about Wakasagi’s current distribution status and biology in the estuary, and negative influences on Delta Smelt. In this study, we took a comparative approach by synthesizing long-term field monitoring surveys, modeling environmental associations, and quantifying phenology, growth, and diets of Wakasagi and Delta Smelt to describe abundance and range, trends of co-occurrence, and shared ecological roles between smelt species. We found Wakasagi in greatest abundance in the upper watershed below source reservoirs and in the northern regions of the estuary with the most co-occurrence with Delta Smelt; however, their range extends to western regions of the estuary, and we found evidence of an established population that annually spawns and rears in the estuary. We found these smelt species have similar ecological roles demonstrated by overlaps in habitat use (e.g., an association with higher turbidities and higher outflow), phenology, growth, and diets. Despite similarities, earlier hatching and rearing of Wakasagi during cooler months and reduced growth during warmer drought years suggest this species is unlike typical non-natives (e.g., Centrarchids), and they exhibit a similar sensitivity to environmental variability as Delta Smelt. This sensitivity may be why Wakasagi abundance remains relatively low in the estuary.", "language": "en", "license": { "name": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\n\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Wakasagi, ecology, distribution, life history, Delta Smelt" } ], "section": "Research Article", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7422g389", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Brittany", "middle_name": "E.", "last_name": "Davis", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "California Department of Water Resources, Division of Integrated Science and Engineering, Sacramento, CA 94236", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Jesse", "middle_name": "B.", "last_name": "Adams", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "California Department of Water Resources, Division of Integrated Science and Engineering, Sacramento, CA 94236", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Levi", "middle_name": "S.", "last_name": "Lewis", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of California Davis, Department of Wildlife, Fish and Conservation Biology, Davis, CA 95616", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "James", "middle_name": "A.", "last_name": "Hobbs", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of California Davis, Department of Wildlife, Fish and Conservation Biology, Davis, CA 95616\n\nCalifornia Department of Fish and Wildlife, Stockton, CA 95206", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Naoaki", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Ikemiyagi", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "California Department of Water Resources, Division of Integrated Science and Engineering, Sacramento, CA 94236", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Catherine", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Johnston", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Lodi Fish and Wildlife Office, Lodi, CA 95240\n\nU.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Green Lake National Fish Hatchery, Ellsworth, ME 04605", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Lara", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Mitchell", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Lodi Fish and Wildlife Office, Lodi, CA 95240", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Anjali", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Shakya", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "California Department of Water Resources, Division of Integrated Science and Engineering, Sacramento, CA 94236", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Brian", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Schreier", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "California Department of Water Resources, Division of Integrated Science and Engineering, Sacramento, CA 94236", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Brian", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Mahardja", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Lodi Fish and Wildlife Office, Lodi, CA 95240 \n\nU.S. Bureau of Reclamation, Interior Region 10, Sacramento, CA 95814", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": "2022-10-11T16:55:50Z", "date_accepted": "2022-10-11T16:55:50Z", "date_published": "2022-10-20T07:00:00Z", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/jmie_sfews/article/62861/galley/48544/download/" } ] }