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{
    "pk": 62938,
    "title": "Immigration Law’s Internal Dimension",
    "subtitle": null,
    "abstract": "<p style=\"text-indent: 40px;\">Immigration law is typically conceived as a body of law governing when noncitizens may enter the United States from abroad. But as revealed by recent controversies over migrants bused from Texas to cities like New York and Chicago, immigration law is not only concerned with who may cross the country’s borders, but also where people go within those borders. Immigration law, broadly understood, is not limited to questions of admission and deportation. It also shapes the geographic dispersal of refugees and immigrant workers throughout the United States. </p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 40px;\">This Article contends that a complete account of immigration law requires understanding the ways in which it regulates the internal migration of noncitizens. This account involves grappling with immigration law both within the federal statutory scheme, and across numerous state and local regulations of undocumented immigrants. Recognizing this internal dimension of immigration law today also reveals a much longer history, stretching back to the country’s earliest controls over entry from abroad. Exploring this history reveals a wealth of alternative conceptions of how state and federal agencies might approach questions of internal migration. In particular, this Article provides an original analysis of a Progressive-era experiment with a federal immigrant labor “distribution” agency: the Division of Information, created within the Bureau of Immigration in 1907.</p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 40px;\">Recovering this largely forgotten history suggests how federal immigration law might be reformed to address challenges of internal migration more directly. Cooperative initiatives between federal and state agencies can increase federal capacity to respond to humanitarian emergencies. Such cooperation may also serve to align federal immigration law more closely with local economic, industrial, and labor policy needs. In contrast, failure to recognize and respond to immigration law’s internal dimension risks inviting a repetition of the “migrant crisis” of the Biden years.</p>",
    "language": null,
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        "name": "",
        "short_name": "",
        "text": null,
        "url": ""
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    "keywords": [],
    "section": "Article",
    "is_remote": true,
    "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7086f70b",
    "frozenauthors": [
        {
            "first_name": "Jacob",
            "middle_name": "",
            "last_name": "Hamburger",
            "name_suffix": "",
            "institution": "",
            "department": ""
        }
    ],
    "date_submitted": null,
    "date_accepted": null,
    "date_published": "2026-02-10T18:49:00Z",
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            "type": "pdf",
            "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/ucilr/article/62938/galley/48645/download/"
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}