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{
    "pk": 63605,
    "title": "<!--StartFragment-->Stereotypes and Negative Indexes of the Nubians in Egypt<!--EndFragment-->",
    "subtitle": null,
    "abstract": "<p><!--StartFragment--></p>\n<pre class=\"a-b-r-La\" style='display: block; font-family: \"Courier New\", Courier, monospace, arial, sans-serif; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; overflow-wrap: break-word; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;'>This paper examines the stigmatized portrayal of Nubians, particularly Fadija and Kunuz speakers, in Egyptian media, focusing on negative stereotypes that continue to permeate these representations. Nubian speakers of Fadija and Mattoki are frequently depicted as unintelligible in Arabic, blackfaced, and confined to lower-class roles. Terms such as 'barbari' (barbarian), and 'bijtkalem ʕarabi mekasar' (speaking broken Arabic) reinforce social and racial biases, fostering prejudice and discrimination. As a result, some Nubians feel compelled to adopt Arabic to avoid mockery and marginalization. Nonetheless, many Nubians remain resolute in preserving their mother tongues to maintain cultural identity, linguistic heritage, and ideological values. Applying the theory of indexicality, this study explores how both linguistic and non-linguistic elements—including language, dress, occupation, skin color, and character traits—are utilized in media to perpetuate negative stereotypes. It underscores the importance of learning Nubian languages at home to sustain linguistic diversity and preserve cultural values deeply rooted in Nubian homescapes. The study reveals how media producers deliberately create and reinforce negative racial and social indexes, shaping public perceptions of Nubians. It also investigates how Nubian speakers perceive and resist these stereotypes by preserving their language and culture within their households. Nubian homes are presented not merely as physical dwellings but as vibrant embodiments of history, identity, and social structure. While Arabic proficiency is associated with prestige and social status in domains such as education, religion, and media, the paper emphasizes the need for public awareness and counter-narratives to foster positive representations of Nubian language and culture. It concludes that language preservation within the home is crucial for cultural continuity and combating negative portrayals of Nubians in Egyptian media.</pre>\n<p><!--EndFragment--></p>",
    "language": "eng",
    "license": {
        "name": "Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial  4.0",
        "short_name": "CC BY-NC 4.0",
        "text": "Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\n\nNonCommercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes.\n\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.",
        "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0"
    },
    "keywords": [
        {
            "word": "Egypt"
        },
        {
            "word": "Nubians"
        },
        {
            "word": "linguistics"
        },
        {
            "word": "stigmatized"
        },
        {
            "word": "indexicality"
        },
        {
            "word": "identity"
        }
    ],
    "section": "Articles",
    "is_remote": true,
    "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3vs516p8",
    "frozenauthors": [
        {
            "first_name": "Asmaa",
            "middle_name": "",
            "last_name": "Taha",
            "name_suffix": "",
            "institution": "",
            "department": ""
        }
    ],
    "date_submitted": "2026-02-26T17:52:29.890323Z",
    "date_accepted": "2026-02-26T17:52:58.519007Z",
    "date_published": "2026-02-26T16:53:00Z",
    "render_galley": {
        "label": "Stereotypes and Negative Indexes of the Nubians in Egypt",
        "type": "pdf",
        "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/dotawo/article/63605/galley/48911/download/"
    },
    "galleys": [
        {
            "label": "Stereotypes and Negative Indexes of the Nubians in Egypt",
            "type": "pdf",
            "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/dotawo/article/63605/galley/48911/download/"
        }
    ]
}