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{
    "pk": 63850,
    "title": "The Evolving Landscape of Insurance Law and Assisted Reproductive Technology: Implications for Gay Parenthood",
    "subtitle": null,
    "abstract": "<p>Starting a family and becoming a parent are major milestones for many people regardless of their sexual orientation. While some people choose not to have children, others face unique challenges in their journey to becoming parents. The legalization of same-sex marriage opened the door for parenthood to many same-sex couples who wished to pursue parenthood; however, that journey would not be easy. The long history of medical institutions pathologizing homosexuality and the legal system’s criminalization of same-sex intimacy created a standard of heterosexuality that entrenched itself in the fabric of American society. This standard would eventually be used against same-sex couples in the healthcare system where they would attempt to access assisted reproductive technology. This Article explains how the centuries-long tradition of associating parenthood with heterosexuality had managed to seep into health insurance policies that can serve as gatekeepers—providing different-sex couples with an ability to become parents while withholding the same opportunity from same-sex couples. After <em>Bostock v. Clayton County</em> supplied the necessary ammunition and the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services promulgated recent regulatory changes, gay people from multiple states brought lawsuits alleging discrimination based on sexual orientation in their health insurance policies. The Article explores an ongoing slew of court battles and synthesizes legal strategy lessons. The Article concludes with future directions for improving the healthcare system and supporting gay parenthood.</p>",
    "language": "eng",
    "license": {
        "name": "All rights reserved",
        "short_name": "Copyright",
        "text": "© the author(s). All rights reserved.",
        "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/authors"
    },
    "keywords": [],
    "section": "Article",
    "is_remote": true,
    "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4j73233k",
    "frozenauthors": [
        {
            "first_name": "Mantas",
            "middle_name": "",
            "last_name": "Grigorovicius",
            "name_suffix": "",
            "institution": "",
            "department": ""
        }
    ],
    "date_submitted": null,
    "date_accepted": null,
    "date_published": "2025-12-06T11:53:00-08:00",
    "render_galley": null,
    "galleys": [
        {
            "label": "PDF",
            "type": "pdf",
            "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/uclalaw_jgl/article/63850/galley/49017/download/"
        }
    ]
}