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{
    "pk": 6886,
    "title": "“I Wish I Would Have Known!”\n: The Usage of \nWould Have\n in Past Counterfactual \nIf\n- and \nWish\n-Clauses",
    "subtitle": null,
    "abstract": "Although grammar has long established its position in ESL curricula, discrepancies between forms used in actual speech and their prescribed counterparts are problematic. ESL textbooks sometimes fail to reflect authentic grammar use, thus raising questions as to how nonstandard usages should be treated in the classroom. This paper describes native English speakers’ usage of \nwould have\n in past counterfactual \nif\n- and \nwish\n-clauses in spoken discourse and examines acceptability judgments of this usage in an informal written dialogue. In this study the \nwould have\n variant was widely used and accepted by the participants. The paper argues that ESL pedagogical materials should descriptively address the \nwould have\n usage, which is potentially unconscious even among ESL instructors. The paper further explores plausible hypotheses accounting for the prevalent and stable usage of \nwould have\n in violation of prescriptive rules. Practical suggestions are also presented regarding testing policies involving the \nwould have\n usage on standardized tests.",
    "language": "en",
    "license": null,
    "keywords": [
        {
            "word": "Applied Linguistics"
        }
    ],
    "section": "Articles",
    "is_remote": true,
    "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5wd0w3sz",
    "frozenauthors": [
        {
            "first_name": "Noriko",
            "middle_name": "",
            "last_name": "Ishihara",
            "name_suffix": "",
            "institution": "University of Minnesota",
            "department": "None"
        }
    ],
    "date_submitted": "2010-06-20T07:00:00Z",
    "date_accepted": "2010-06-20T07:00:00Z",
    "date_published": "2003-06-30T07:00:00Z",
    "render_galley": null,
    "galleys": [
        {
            "label": "",
            "type": "pdf",
            "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/ial/article/6886/galley/3985/download/"
        }
    ]
}