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{
    "pk": 7156,
    "title": "Grammar, Pronunciation, or Something Else? Native Japanese Speakers’ Judgments of “Native-Like” Speech",
    "subtitle": null,
    "abstract": "This paper explores speech factors that influence native Japanese speakers’ perceptions of “native-like” speech. The conventional criterion of “native-like” proficiency has focused on grammar or pronunciation, which researchers recognize as important. This paper challenges this top-down discussion of “native-likeness” and examines the online (while listening) and offline (after listening) perceptions of 108 native Japanese speakers who are not academic researchers in a multi-dimensional way, in order to investigate (1) what factor(s) contribute to perceptions of “native-like” speech? and (2) For linguistically lay people, what factors determine “native-like” speech?\n \nThe methods of analysis used were factor analysis and correlations. My analysis of online perceptions of “native-likeness” is consistent with prior research that highlights grammar and pronunciation as the most important and noticeable features of non-native speakers’ speech. However, my analysis of offline perceptions reveals the significance of interaction-related factors, suggesting that grammar and pronunciation are less influential on native speakers’ holistic judgment of “native-like” speech. From these results, I propose two types of unnaturalness: overt and covert, the latter of which is illustrated to have a profound effect on native speakers’ overall impressions of non-native speakers’ speech. In conclusion, this paper highlights a possible disagreement between academic and lay perspectives with implications for teaching that places more emphasis on interaction than on accuracy for L2 learners.",
    "language": "en",
    "license": null,
    "keywords": [
        {
            "word": "Native-like speech, Fluency, Second Language Acquisition, Native speakers' perceptions, L2 (second language) learners of Japanese"
        }
    ],
    "section": "Conference Proceedings",
    "is_remote": true,
    "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/50w3991n",
    "frozenauthors": [
        {
            "first_name": "Mayumi",
            "middle_name": "",
            "last_name": "Ajioka",
            "name_suffix": "",
            "institution": "University of California, Los Angeles",
            "department": "None"
        }
    ],
    "date_submitted": "2011-10-28T01:04:07Z",
    "date_accepted": "2011-10-28T01:04:07Z",
    "date_published": "2011-10-28T01:39:15Z",
    "render_galley": null,
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            "type": "pdf",
            "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/ial/article/7156/galley/4280/download/"
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            "label": "",
            "type": "pdf",
            "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/ial/article/7156/galley/4281/download/"
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    ]
}