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{
    "pk": 83,
    "title": "Does nonbinary they inherit the binary pronoun production system?",
    "subtitle": null,
    "abstract": "<span style=\"display: block;\"><p class=\"c-clientmarkup\"></p><p>The English pronoun system is undergoing a change in progress as singular <i>they</i> is used more frequently to refer to specific individuals, especially those who identify as nonbinary. How does this change affect the language production system? Research has shown that the production of <i>he/she</i> pronouns is supported by salient discourse status and inhibited in contexts where the pronoun would be ambiguous. In an analysis of naturally-occurring written texts, we test whether they production patterns with <i>he/she</i> production, controlling for discourse context. Results show that the overall rate of pronoun use is lower for references to nonbinary individuals than for references to binary individuals. This difference is not explained by the potential ambiguity of a referent in context. We speculate that relative unfamiliarity with nonbinary <i>they</i> and nonbinary gender may inhibit the activation of <i>they</i> during production, or may lead writers to avoid using a form that may not be familiar to their addressees.</p><p></p></span>",
    "language": "eng",
    "license": {
        "name": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0",
        "short_name": "CC BY 4.0",
        "text": "Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.",
        "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"
    },
    "keywords": [],
    "section": "Brief Article",
    "is_remote": true,
    "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1x84d0dh",
    "frozenauthors": [
        {
            "first_name": "Jennifer",
            "middle_name": "E",
            "last_name": "Arnold",
            "name_suffix": "",
            "institution": "jarnold@email.unc.edu",
            "department": "Psychology and Neuroscience"
        },
        {
            "first_name": "Atziri",
            "middle_name": "",
            "last_name": "Marquez",
            "name_suffix": "",
            "institution": "Swarthmore College",
            "department": ""
        },
        {
            "first_name": "Jiefang",
            "middle_name": "",
            "last_name": "Li",
            "name_suffix": "",
            "institution": "University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill",
            "department": "Linguistics"
        },
        {
            "first_name": "Genevieve",
            "middle_name": "",
            "last_name": "Franck",
            "name_suffix": "",
            "institution": "Mt. Holyoke College",
            "department": ""
        }
    ],
    "date_submitted": "2021-10-13T19:11:15.145000Z",
    "date_accepted": "2022-01-09T16:44:37.997000Z",
    "date_published": "2022-02-11T18:30:00Z",
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