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{
    "pk": 8872,
    "title": "Morbidity and Mortality Conference in Emergency  Medicine Residencies and the Culture of Safety",
    "subtitle": null,
    "abstract": "Introduction:\n Morbidity and mortality conferences (M+M) are a traditional part of residency training and mandated by the Accreditation Counsel of Graduate Medical Education. This study’s objective was to determine the goals, structure, and the prevalence of practices that foster strong safety cultures in the M+Ms of U.S. emergency medicine (EM) residency programs.\nMethods:\n The authors conducted a national survey of U.S. EM residency program directors. The survey instrument evaluated five domains of M+M (Organization and Infrastructure; Case Finding; Case Selection; Presentation; and Follow up) based on the validated Agency for Healthcare Research & Quality Safety Culture survey. \nResults:\n There was an 80% (151/188) response rate. The primary objectives of M+M were discussing adverse outcomes (53/151, 35%), identifying systems errors (47/151, 31%) and identifying cognitive errors (26/151, 17%). Fifty-six percent (84/151) of institutions have anonymous case submission, with 10% (15/151) maintaining complete anonymity during the presentation and 21% (31/151) maintaining partial anonymity. Forty-seven percent (71/151) of programs report a formal process to follow up on systems issues identified at M+M. Forty-four percent (67/151) of programs report regular debriefing with residents who have had their cases presented.\nConclusion:\n The structure and goals of M+Ms in EM residencies vary widely. Many programs lack features of M+M that promote a non-punitive response to error, such as anonymity. Other programs lack features that support strong safety cultures, such as following up on systems issues or reporting back to residents on improvements. Further research is warranted to determine if M+M structure is related to patient safety culture in residency programs.",
    "language": "en",
    "license": {
        "name": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0",
        "short_name": "CC BY 4.0",
        "text": "Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.",
        "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"
    },
    "keywords": [
        {
            "word": "Quality Assessment"
        },
        {
            "word": "Health care Safety"
        },
        {
            "word": "Morbidity and Mortality"
        },
        {
            "word": "Health care Quality"
        },
        {
            "word": "Graduate Medical Education"
        }
    ],
    "section": "Educational Research and Practice",
    "is_remote": true,
    "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8fb093nd",
    "frozenauthors": [
        {
            "first_name": "Emily",
            "middle_name": "L.",
            "last_name": "Aaronson",
            "name_suffix": "",
            "institution": "Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Department of Emergency Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts; Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Emergency Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts",
            "department": "None"
        },
        {
            "first_name": "Kathleen",
            "middle_name": "A.",
            "last_name": "Wittels",
            "name_suffix": "",
            "institution": "Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Department of Emergency Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts; Harvard Medical School, Department of Emergency Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts",
            "department": "None"
        },
        {
            "first_name": "Eric",
            "middle_name": "S.",
            "last_name": "Nadel",
            "name_suffix": "",
            "institution": "Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Department of Emergency Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts; Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Emergency Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts; Harvard Medical School, Department of Emergency Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts",
            "department": "None"
        },
        {
            "first_name": "Jeremiah",
            "middle_name": "D.",
            "last_name": "Schuur",
            "name_suffix": "",
            "institution": "Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Department of Emergency Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts; Harvard Medical School, Department of Emergency Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts",
            "department": "None"
        }
    ],
    "date_submitted": "2015-04-20T22:07:30Z",
    "date_accepted": "2015-04-20T22:07:30Z",
    "date_published": "2015-10-22T07:00:00Z",
    "render_galley": null,
    "galleys": [
        {
            "label": "",
            "type": "pdf",
            "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/8872/galley/5051/download/"
        }
    ]
}