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{
    "pk": 33194,
    "title": "Disfluency Deafness: Graceful Failure in the Recognition of Running Speech",
    "subtitle": null,
    "abstract": "Models of perceptual systems customarily characterize their maximally efficient operation in optimal circumstances. Another engineering consideration - graceful failure - is usually ignored. Three experiments on spontaneous speech show that on-line speech recognition fails gracefully by making us deaf to the words in reparanda. the items which must be expunged to restore disfluent utterances to fluency. Experiment 1 uses word-level gating of fluent and disfluent utterances to show that disfluencies principally disrupt normal late recognition (Bard, Shillcock & Altmann, 1988) of words in reparanda. Experiment 2 shows that in more natural listening conditions, attention to continuing material and additional effects of repetition deafness (Miller & Mackay, 1996) make recall of the same words even more unlikely. Experiment 3 shows that the results are not attributable to the clarity of the lost words. Finally the relationships among late recognition and various kinds of disfluency deafness are discussed.",
    "language": "eng",
    "license": {
        "name": "",
        "short_name": "",
        "text": null,
        "url": ""
    },
    "keywords": [],
    "section": "Long Papers",
    "is_remote": true,
    "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9vc946hf",
    "frozenauthors": [
        {
            "first_name": "Ellen",
            "middle_name": "Gurman",
            "last_name": "Bard",
            "name_suffix": "",
            "institution": "Human Communication Research Centre, University of Edinburgh",
            "department": ""
        },
        {
            "first_name": "Robin",
            "middle_name": "",
            "last_name": "Lickley",
            "name_suffix": "",
            "institution": "Human Communication Research Centre, University of Edinburgh",
            "department": ""
        }
    ],
    "date_submitted": null,
    "date_accepted": null,
    "date_published": "1998-01-01T18:00:00Z",
    "render_galley": null,
    "galleys": [
        {
            "label": "PDF",
            "type": "pdf",
            "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/33194/galley/24254/download/"
        }
    ]
}