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Preprints

There are 5427 Preprints listed.

Examining copper supply feasibility in decarbonization pathways: a mine-level dynamic approach

Gaël Parpan, Baptiste Andrieu, Olivier Vidal, et al.

Published: 2025-04-01
Subjects: Engineering, Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Primary copper production capacity is a major concern in light of estimates of future demand. This issue is not sufficiently taken into account in models providing decarbonization pathways. Our study assesses the feasibility of SSPs basic drivers for primary copper requirements derived from the DyMEMDS model, alongside our projections of primary copper production capacities. We introduce a [...]

Finding the potential height of tropical cyclone storm surges in a changing climate using Bayesian optimization

Simon D A Thomas, Dani Jones, Talea Mayo, et al.

Published: 2025-04-01
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics

We introduce a new framework for systematically exploring the largest storm surge heights that a tropical cyclone in a given climate can create. We calculate the tropical cyclone potential intensity and the potential size from climate model projections and find that both these limits increase in response to climate change. We then use Bayesian optimization with a barotropic ocean circulation [...]

Volcano flank instabilities and lateral collapse

Lucia Capra, Alexander Belousov, Benjamin Bernard, et al.

Published: 2025-04-01
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics

The gravitational instability and subsequent lateral collapse of a volcano is a common phenomenon observed in most types of volcanoes, from continental to oceanic environments. Both intrinsic and extrinsic factors contribute to volcanic collapse, including the volcano's internal structure, geological setting, and a range of volcanic and non-volcanic processes, including climatic conditions. [...]

The evolution of methane production rates from young to mature thermokarst 1 lakes

Yarden Gerera, André Pellerin, Efrat Eliani Russak, et al.

Published: 2025-03-31
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Thermokarst lakes, formed by permafrost thaw in the Arctic, are hotspots for methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, and are expected to double permafrost carbon emissions by the end of the century. While the implications of ongoing permafrost thaw on methane dynamics within these lakes have been modeled, here we provide empirical data on methane production dynamics as lakes evolve from [...]

Robust directional analysis of magnetic microscopy images using non-linear inversion and iterative Euler deconvolution

Gelson F. Souza-Junior, Leonardo Uieda, Ricardo Ivan Ferreira da Trindade, et al.

Published: 2025-03-29
Subjects: Geophysics and Seismology

The first step in scientific data acquisition often involves analyzing entire samples, providing only a general characterization of the material. Enhancing data acquisition by improving spatial resolution and isolating the underlying phenomena contributing to the overall signal has become a central direction in various scientific fields. In paleomagnetism, this advancement is now possible with [...]

Total Phosphorus trends in Mississippi and Atchafalaya River Basin Watersheds: Exploring the roles of streamflow and watershed features 2000-2020

Alejandra Botero-Acosta, Gregory McIsaac, Ellen Gilinsky, et al.

Published: 2025-03-29
Subjects: Engineering

A consistent method of analyzing riverine phosphorus concentrations and load trends across subbasins of the Mississippi Atchafalaya River Basin (MARB) can indicate whether and where nutrient loads and concentrations have increased or decreased over the long-term. This can help evaluate the success of federal and state nutrient reduction plans being implemented across the landscape and inform [...]

A new hypothesis for bimodal volcanism in the Kermadec Arc

Yasuhiro Hirai, Yoshihiko Tamura

Published: 2025-03-29
Subjects: Geochemistry, Geology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Volcanology

Bimodal volcanism of basaltic and rhyolitic magmas in the Kermadec Arc has been attributed to the fractional crystallization of basaltic sources. However, new evidence from the Kibblewhite Volcano reveals two distinct differentiation pathways originating from mantle-derived basaltic and andesitic primary magmas. Here we employ geothermobarometric estimations, mass-balance calculations, and [...]

Estimate rainfall-runoff using Google Earth Engine in the Minab River Basin

Sabrieh Shahbazi, Samira Shokr Behjatic

Published: 2025-03-29
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geography

The Soil Conservation Service Curve Number (SCS-CN) method is a widely accepted and reliable approach for estimating rainfall-runoff relationships within a watershed. This technique is instrumental in hydrological studies, particularly for sustainable water resource management, flood control, and soil conservation. The integration of the SCS-CN method with Google Earth Engine (GEE), a cloud-based [...]

Geomorphology of Meso-Yardang Formation and Evolution in Fahraj Plain, SE Iran: The Role of Stream Incision, Sandblasting, and Nebkha Transformation

Ahmad abbasnejad

Published: 2025-03-29
Subjects: Education, Engineering

The purpose of this study is to investigate on meso - yardags of Fahraj Plain in SE Iran. The playa on which the yardangs have taken shape has been divided into northern and southern parts as a result of incision by Nesa ephemeral stream . Detailed field investigations were performed and samples were taken to determine the texture, mineralogy and chemical characteristics of mudrocks comprising [...]

Rheological control of crystal fabrics on Antarctic ice shelves

Nicholas Rathmann, David A. Lilien, Daniel Harry Richards, et al.

Published: 2025-03-28
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Ice crystal fabrics can exert significant rheological control on ice sheets and ice shelves, potentially softening or hardening anisotropic ice by several orders of magnitude compared to isotropic ice. We introduce an anisotropic extension of the Shallow Shelf Approximation (SSA), allowing for fabric-induced viscous anisotropy to affect the flow of ice shelves in coupled, transient simulations. [...]

Ore deposits formed during crustal magmatism and related hydrothermal processes: Formation, beneficiation, and the environmental and social considerations of utilization

Adam Simon, Rob Bowell, Elizabeth Holley, et al.

Published: 2025-03-28
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Crustal magmatic systems that form volcanoes also produce mineral deposits that are important sources of critical metals. These include porphyry, epithermal, skarn, iron-oxide-copper-gold, and Carlin-type mineral deposits that form by magmatic-hydrothermal processes, magmatic sulfide deposits that form by purely igneous processes, and pegmatite deposits that form by both processes. These mineral [...]

Catastrophic “Hyperclustering” and Recurrent Losses: Diagnosing U.S. Flood Insurance Insolvency Triggers

Adam Nayak, Mengjie Zhang, Pierre Gentine, et al.

Published: 2025-03-28
Subjects: Environmental Engineering, Environmental Studies, Natural Resources Management and Policy, Risk Analysis, Systems Engineering

Although a cornerstone of U.S. flood risk preparedness since 1968, the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP), is burdened by insolvency. Despite pricing and risk assessment reforms, systemic failures persist, resulting in accumulation of billions in federal debt. This study presents an interdisciplinary framework integrating qualitative synthesis, unsupervised machine learning, and game theory [...]

Multivariate Regression Analysis for Identifying Key Drivers of Harmful Algal Bloom in Lake Erie

Omer Mermer, Ibrahim Demir

Published: 2025-03-28
Subjects: Engineering, Environmental Engineering, Environmental Indicators and Impact Assessment, Multivariate Analysis

Harmful Algal Blooms (HABs), predominantly driven by cyanobacteria, pose significant risks to water quality, public health, and aquatic ecosystems. Lake Erie, particularly its western basin, has been severely impacted by HABs, largely due to nutrient pollution and climatic changes. This study aims to identify key physical, chemical, and biological drivers influencing HABs using a multivariate [...]

Physical properties of magmas and their evolution during storage, transport, eruption and emplacement

Satoshi Okumura, Amelia Bain, Magdalena Oryaëlle Chevrel, et al.

Published: 2025-03-28
Subjects: Earth Sciences

Magma has played an important role in the Earth’s evolution through volcanic and magmatic activity, including the formation of the crust and atmosphere. Magma storage, transport, eruption and emplacement can be quantitatively evaluated based on the understanding and knowledge of magma physical properties. In this chapter, the rheology, permeability and thermodynamic properties of magma are [...]

The complex rupture evolution of the long and slow, tsunamigenic 2021 South Sandwich Islands earthquake

Ryo Yamaguchi, Yuji Yagi, Ryo Okuwaki, et al.

Published: 2025-03-27
Subjects: Geophysics and Seismology

On August 21, 2021 a large earthquake occurred in the South Sandwich subduction zone, and the associated tsunami was widely observed. In order to robustly analyse the detailed seismic source process of this long-source duration (over 200 s) event occurring in a convexly shaped subduction zone, we applied the Potency Density Tensor Inversion with a non-rectangular and non-planar source surface to [...]

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