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Preprints

There are 5503 Preprints listed.

Helmets Labeling Crops: Kenya Crop Type Dataset Created via Helmet-Mounted Cameras and Deep Learning

Catherine Nakalembe, Ivan Zvonkov, Hannah Rae Kerner, et al.

Published: 2025-04-23
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences

Accurate, up-to-date agricultural monitoring is essential for assessing food production, particularly in countries like Kenya, where recurring climate extremes, including floods and droughts, exacerbate food insecurity challenges. In regions dominated by smallholder farmers, a significant obstacle to effective agricultural monitoring is the limited availability of current, detailed crop-type [...]

North American ice sheet persistence during past warm periods should inform future projections

Roger Cameron Creel, Robert Kopp, Andrea Dutton, et al.

Published: 2025-04-23
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics

How fast sea level rises in the next century will depend on how fast the Antarctic Ice Sheet responds to warming. Projections of future Antarctic Ice Sheet behavior are shaped by the assumption that peak sea level during past warm periods occurred after ice sheets had disappeared from North America. Here we present emerging evidence from paleoceanography and allied disciplines to argue that North [...]

Mapping Responsible AI Workflows for Geospatial Data Science: Developing the I-GUIDE Data Ethics Toolkit

Peter T. Darch, Kyra M. Abrams, Ivan Y. M. Kong

Published: 2025-04-23
Subjects: Artificial Intelligence and Robotics, Computer Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Geographic Information Sciences, Geography, Library and Information Science, Sustainability

AI workflows in geospatial data science promise substantial societal benefits yet pose persistent challenges of ethical risk, transparency, and reproducibility. Current guidance, ranging from high‑level principles to isolated documentation templates, remains difficult to translate into day‑to‑day research practice, especially for teams operating under tight deadlines. This paper reports the [...]

Interpreting drinking water quality samples: understanding contamination pathways at the point of collection

Katrina J. Charles, Saskia Nowicki, Li Ann Ong, et al.

Published: 2025-04-23
Subjects: Public Health

2.2 billion people lack access to safely managed drinking water, with microbiological water quality the major barrier to the achievement of SDG target 6.1. Microbiological water quality is strongly influenced by environmental and hand hygiene. We demonstrate the significant contribution of contamination from hygiene at water collection point localities and at the household level to drinking water [...]

Leveraging Automated Machine Learning (AutoML) for Urban Climate Emulation

Junjie Yu, Zhonghua Zheng, Sarah Lindley, et al.

Published: 2025-04-23
Subjects: Computer Sciences, Earth Sciences, Environmental Engineering, Environmental Sciences

Urban climate models are critical for understanding and addressing the impacts of urban climate change. Yet, process-based urban climate models face limitations of high-entry barriers and substantial computing resource consumption, prompting the development of data-driven methods. However, the recently developed urban climate emulators, being location-dependent, are less scalable and may overlook [...]

Automatic differentiation and geodynamic inversion

Zhiying Ming, hu jiashun, Weiqiang Zhu

Published: 2025-04-23
Subjects: Geophysics and Seismology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics

The rheological properties of the mantle govern plate tectonics and mantle convection, yet constraining the rheological parameters remains a significant challenge. Laboratory experiments are usually performed under different temperature-pressure-strain-rate conditions than those of natural environments, leading to substantial uncertainties when extrapolating the parameters to real-world [...]

The impact hypothesis as a mechanism for the origin of the Amazon basin - analysis of antipodal impacts of celestial bodies and their impact on global morphotectonics

Robert Jan Kütz

Published: 2025-04-23
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Other Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Physical Sciences and Mathematics

The Amazon Basin is the largest fluvial system on Earth, yet its central subsidence and asymmetrical drainage pattern remain partially unexplained by traditional geological models. This study introduces a novel impact-based hypothesis, proposing that the Amazon depression is a result of tectonic deformation at the intersection of seismic shockwaves originating from two major planetary impacts: [...]

Predicting Urban Heat-Related Illness Across U.S. Climate Regions and Demographics

Stephan E Brown, Vivek Shandas

Published: 2025-04-23
Subjects: Environmental Studies

We still know relatively little about how climate, demographics, built environment, and behaviors interact to drive hospitalizations during extreme heat events (EHEs).This study employed a discrete event system dynamics modeling approach to address two research questions about the relationship between EHEs and heat-related illnesses (HRIs): (1) How will changes in EHE frequencies, intensities, [...]

Rural-Urban schism: Access to improved water and sanitation in Sub-Sahara Africa

Isaac Zaskpaya Naab, Joseph Kwame Benne, Lynna Bayorbor

Published: 2025-04-23
Subjects: Public Health

Abstract Background: Access to potable water and adequate sanitation remains a major public health challenge, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), where coverage is critically low, especially in rural areas. Despite progress, disparities between urban and rural populations persist, impacting health outcomes and overall well-being. Objective: This study aimed to identify factors influencing [...]

Impact hypothesis as the cause of the formation of the Mariana Trench and the uplift of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge

Robert Jan Kütz

Published: 2025-04-22
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics

My dissertation presents an original hypothesis suggesting that the Mariana Trench was formed by an oblique impact of a massive celestial body on Earth’s oceanic crust, and that the Mid-Atlantic Ridge represents its antipodal geodynamic effect. The hypothesis is supported by calculations of impact energy, simulations of shock wave propagation through Earth's interior, and models of mantle [...]

Adaptation to the climate and ecological emergency: motivational factors predict policy support and behavioural engagement

Elia Valentini, Paul H. P. Hanel

Published: 2025-04-20
Subjects: Environmental Studies

Understanding the determinants of human adaptation to the climate and ecological emergency (CEE) will be essential to any future policy design and implementation. The present study (N = 1951) investigates some of the most relevant psychosocial variables associated with environmental policy support and adaptation to the CEE: descriptive norms, negative affect, perceived self-efficacy and outcome [...]

Cumulative exposure to urban heat can affect the learning capacity of students and penalize the vulnerable and low-income young population

Konstantina Vasilakopoulou, Matthaios Santamouris

Published: 2025-04-20
Subjects: Other Engineering

Background: Elevated temperatures negatively impact human well-being, heighten mental health risks, and impair cognitive function, with young populations being especially vulnerable. Prolonged exposure to rising ambient temperatures further exacerbates these effects, potentially hindering student’s cognitive performance under extreme heat conditions. Objectives: This paper systematically reviews [...]

Development and validation of MACK-12: A short multidimensional climate knowledge scale

Katherine Labonté, Valériane Champagne St-Arnaud

Published: 2025-04-20
Subjects: Environmental Studies

Accurate knowledge about climate change—including its causes, consequences, and solutions—plays a significant role in shaping people's pro-climate attitudes and behaviors. This knowledge influences voting behavior, policy support, personal lifestyle choices, and community-level actions, all contributing to society's collective response to climate change. However, few validated tools exist to [...]

Effects of Salinity on Menstrual and Reproductive Health: Insights from Coastal and Non-Coastal Areas of Bangladesh.

Farhana Ferdaus, Salma Begum

Published: 2025-04-20
Subjects: Public Health

AbstractBackground: Salinity intrusion in coastal regions of Bangladesh is a growing concern due to its potential impact on public health, particularly reproductive health among women. Exposure to saline water may contribute to a variety of health challenges, including menstrual irregularities and pregnancy complications.Objective: This study aimed to assess the reproductive health challenges [...]

Evaluation of climatic and non-climatic influence on malaria prevalence in the Upper River Region of The Gambia

Ugochinyere Agatha Okafor, Umberto D’Alessandro, Vincent Nduka Ojeh, et al.

Published: 2025-04-20
Subjects: Public Health

Despite the scale-up of intervention, malaria remains a burden in the Upper River Region of The Gambia. Climate changes and non-climatic conditions can substantially influence malaria prevalence, and further affect the coverage of preventive interventions. This work aimed at exploring the different climatic and non-climatic risk factors associated with malaria. A descriptive research method using [...]

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