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Preprints

There are 5824 Preprints listed.

Understanding historical and projected compound change on the Northwest Atlantic shelf

Samantha A. Siedlecki, Felipe Soares, Zhuomin Chen, et al.

Published: 2025-07-25
Subjects: Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology

Increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations are accompanied by ocean acidification, oxygen loss, and warming of the global ocean. However, in coastal environments, local processes that occur on small spatial scales can moderate or exacerbate these trends. These processes are not well represented in global climate models. Therefore, downscaled tools are useful to decipher carbonate system [...]

Household climate adaptations reflect patterning in climate events

Anne Pisor, Danielle Touma, Johanna Hope Jared, et al.

Published: 2025-07-25
Subjects: Climate, Environmental Studies, Physical and Environmental Geography, Remote Sensing

It is well-documented that households respond to climate events with climate adaptations, risk-management strategies like livelihood diversification, migration, or remittances – sending money and goods across distances. However, the focus is largely on responses to single climate events, while suggestive evidence indicates that temporal and spatial patterns across multiple events – including [...]

QuakeMigrate: a Python Package for Automatic Earthquake Detection and Location Using Waveform Migration and Stacking

Tom Winder, Conor Andrew Bacon, Jonathan Daniel Smith, et al.

Published: 2025-07-25
Subjects: Geophysics and Seismology, Glaciology, Volcanology

QuakeMigrate is a modular, open-source Python package providing a framework to efficiently and automatically detect and locate microseismicity. From raw seismic waveforms and a modest number of physically meaningful inputs and tuneable parameters, it produces catalogues of earthquakes including hypocentres, their associated uncertainties, phase arrival times, and local magnitude estimates, all of [...]

Seismic precursors to the Blatten, Switzerland landslide revealed by unsupervised machine learning

Reza Esfahani, Michel Campillo, Léonard Seydoux, et al.

Published: 2025-07-25
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics

The transition from stable to unstable states in geological systems, such as landslides and fault zones, remains poorly understood. Seismic precursors and foreshocks related to the transition are often difficult to observe and the interpretation remains challenging. Here, we report an observation of the nucleation process preceding the glacial landslide on May~28,~2025 in the village of Blatten, [...]

Quantum Entropy & Probabilistic Clustering for Uncertainty-Aware Groundwater Quality Assessment in Geochemically Complex Terrains of Eastern India

Tapas Ranjan Patra

Published: 2025-07-25
Subjects: Education, Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Groundwater quality assessment in geochemically heterogeneous regions is often constrained by deterministic models that overlook spatial variability, inter-parameter dependencies, and system uncertainty. This study proposes a novel Quantum Entropy-based Groundwater Quality Index (QEGWI), which leverages von Neumann entropy derived from quantum density matrices to weight hydrogeochemical [...]

Validation Challenges in Large-Scale Tree Crown Segmentations from Remote Sensing Imagery Using Deep Learning: A Case Study in Germany

Taimur Khan, Jasmin Krebs, Sharad Kumar Gupta, et al.

Published: 2025-07-25
Subjects: Artificial Intelligence and Robotics, Forest Sciences

Deep-learning–based individual tree-crown (ITC) mapping has become increasingly prominent in remote sensing, yet rigorous validation of these predictions at large spatial scales remains challenging. Using data from an extensive case study involving the mapping of approximately 218.7 million trees across the German federal states of Sachsen and Sachsen-Anhalt from multispectral aerial imagery, [...]

Geochemical characteristics of orthopyroxene-bearing metamorphosed lithologies in the northern Chilka lake area, Eastern Ghats belt, India: Insights into the original nature and petrogenesis of precursors

Joel George

Published: 2025-07-25
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geochemistry, Geology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics

The northern Chilka Lake area stone quarries expose a high-grade terrane comprising a metapelitic suite interbanded with orthopyroxene-bearing gneisses and garnet-biotite leucogneisses (leptynites). This study presents bulk-rock and mineral chemistry data of the orthopyroxene-bearing units to evaluate the true nature of their protoliths and to comment on their petrogenesis. Field, petrographic, [...]

Reduced-order modelling of Cascadia’s slow slip cycles

Yohai Magen, Dave A May, Alice-Agnes Gabriel

Published: 2025-07-25
Subjects: Computer Sciences, Earth Sciences, Numerical Analysis and Scientific Computing, Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Slow-slip events (SSEs) modulate the earthquake cycle in subduction zones, yet understanding their physics remains challenging due to sparse observations and high computational cost of physics-based simulations. We present a scientific machine-learning approach using a data-driven reduced-order modeling (ROM) framework to efficiently simulate the SSE cycle governed by rate-and-state friction in a [...]

Automated Load–Settlement Prediction of Shallow Foundations from Pushed-in PENCEL Pressuremeter Data Based on Briaud (2007) Method: A Python-Based Framework

BRHANE WELDEANENYA YGZAW, Paul John Cosentino

Published: 2025-07-25
Subjects: Engineering

This study presents a fully automated, Python-based framework for predicting shallow foundation settlements from pushed-in PENCEL pressuremeter (PPMT) data, using an adapted implementation of Briaud’s (2007) method. The framework transforms raw in-situ test results into design-grade load–settlement curves by automating key analytical steps, including borehole wall-point detection, Lemée-type [...]

Air quality impacts of electricity purchase and air travel by organizations

Yuang Chen, Florian Allroggen, Sebastian David Eastham, et al.

Published: 2025-07-25
Subjects: Atmospheric Sciences, Environmental Sciences

Organizational climate actions often prioritize greenhouse gas reductions without considering other impacts such as improved air quality from reduced fossil fuel use. While air quality benefits of large-scale policies are well studied, those of organization-level activities are more uncertain. We quantify the impact of organizations' fossil fuel use from electricity purchasing and air travel on [...]

Good Fire Weather

Benjamin Hatchett, Emily M. Wells

Published: 2025-07-25
Subjects: Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology

Extreme fire weather receives substantial attention from the weather enterprise, yet conditions allowing readily manageable fire, or ’good fire weather’ remains less studied with no formal definition. Here, we define good fire weather as ”the set of atmospheric conditions before, during, and following ignition allowing wildland fire to achieve beneficial outcomes while minimizing hazards from [...]

Impact of Spatially Continuous Urban Surface Properties on Heatwave Simulations: A Multi-City Analysis

Timothy Jiang, TC Chakraborty, Yifan Cheng, et al.

Published: 2025-07-25
Subjects: Atmospheric Sciences

Urban areas are unique in form and function, and representing them in process-based models requires prescribing facet-level morphological and radiative properties, among others. Most urban canopy models prescribe these by density class or local climate zone (LCZ), assigning identical values across broad regions or worldwide. However, properties can vary widely between and within cities. Global [...]

Analysis of Long-term Trends and Variability of Sea Surface Chlorophyll-a and Temperature in The Northern Papua Sea, Indonesia

Muhammad Ridwan Ramadhan

Published: 2025-07-25
Subjects: Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology

Chlorophyll-a serves as an important proxy for marine ecological productivity, and its dynamics playing pivotal role in the marine productivity, especially within the coral biodiversity hotspot such as Coral Triangle’s Northern Papua Sea (NPS). Consequently, elucidating the dynamics in such region is essential. This work aims to investigate the long-term trends and variability of the sea surface [...]

A Spatial Analysis of the Groundwater Emergence Flood Hazard in Long Island, New York and near Coastal Areas Surrounding Long Island Sound in New York, Connecticut, and Rhode Island

Kristina K Masterson, Robert J. Welk, Janet R. Barclay, et al.

Published: 2025-07-25
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Hydrology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Long Island, New York and near coastal areas surrounding Long Island Sound are densely populated and, like other coastal areas, are susceptible to flooding from several potential sources, including stormwater from precipitation events, tidal flooding and storm surge, and groundwater inundation or groundwater emergence flooding. The latter refers to the intersection of a rising water table with [...]

Slowly migrating fracture swarms in an actively serpentinizing borehole

John M. Aiken, Fabian Barras, Francois Renard, et al.

Published: 2025-07-25
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Peridotite rocks are primary targets for engineered geological carbon sequestration efforts because they accommodate transfer carbon from aqueous fluids to rock during alteration reactions. Sequestration efforts must necessarily open fractures in the rocks surrounding a pumped borehole, but the current understanding of fracture growth during serpentinization of peridotite is limited to [...]

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