Preprints
There are 5347 Preprints listed.
Low computational cost stochastic Gassmann fluid substitution modelling of hydrogen and carbon dioxide in clastic storage reservoirs
Published: 2025-03-06
Subjects: Geology, Geophysics and Seismology
The ability to safely store non-hydrocarbon fluids in the subsurface, such as carbon dioxide or hydrogen, will likely be vital in all pathways to decarbonise global energy systems. Storage of these fluids will require monitoring programmes to identify dynamic changes during the injection and storage phases and to identify unintended migration. Seismic monitoring is widely adopted in monitoring [...]
Orange and Orange-Volcanoes: a New Open and Collaborative Platform to Perform Data-Driven Investigations and Machine Learning Analyses in Petrology and Volcanology
Published: 2025-03-06
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geochemistry, Multivariate Analysis, Volcanology
Orange-Volcanoes is an extension of the open-source Orange data mining platform specifically tailored for geochemical, petrological, and volcanological investigations. Orange-Volcanoes enhances the original platform by incorporating specialized tools to enable interactive data-driven investigations in geochemistry, such as performing Compositional Data Analysis (CoDA). Applying CoDA [...]
Detecting rapid lateral changes of upper mantle discontinuities using azimuth-dependent P-wave receiver functions and multimode surface waves
Published: 2025-03-06
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Lateral structural variations in the upper mantle generate azimuthal dependence in receiver functions (RFs) based on incoming directions of body waves. Although these azimuthal variations in RFs have not been considered in earlier studies of RF inversions, they provide a means to image localized changes in upper mantle interfaces. In this study, we incorporate azimuth-dependent RFs into a joint [...]
Velocity of climate change and the vulnerability of mountain lake landscapes
Published: 2025-03-06
Subjects: Life Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Freshwater ecosystems in mountain landscapes are increasingly threatened by climate change. Accumulated heat in ecosystems can result in lethal short-term heat exposure, while the velocity of change governs severity and rates of long-term heat exposure. Here, we novelly integrate heat accumulation and velocity of change approaches to classify climate-vulnerable USA mountain lake watersheds. Our [...]
Generative Data Assimilation for Surface Ocean State Estimation from Multi-Modal Satellite Observations
Published: 2025-03-05
Subjects: Oceanography, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Estimating the surface ocean state at mesoscale eddy-resolving scales is essential for understanding the role of eddies in climate and marine ecosystems. Satellites provide multi-modal observations through sea surface height, temperature (SST), and salinity (SSS). However, each variable is observed with varying resolutions and sparsity, while some variables, such as surface currents, are not yet [...]
Holocene potential natural vegetation in Europe: evaluating the model spread with three dynamical vegetation models
Published: 2025-03-05
Subjects: Life Sciences
The period of the early Holocene in Europe is marked by climate warming as Earth comes out of the last glacial period and is followed by the emergence of agriculture and animal husbandry in the second half of the period. Increased human influence had profound impacts on the land surface, but the Holocene climate evolution also drove some changes that are intertwined with it. Deciphering the role [...]
Flood type drives river-scale plastic deposition
Published: 2025-03-05
Subjects: Environmental Studies, Geographic Information Sciences, Hydrology, Nature and Society Relations, Other Environmental Sciences, Physical and Environmental Geography, Spatial Science, Water Resource Management
Plastic pollution is considered a global environmental challenge, prompting international regulation efforts such as the UN plastic treaty to end plastic pollution. River basins, with high population densities and poor waste management, are particularly exposed to plastic pollution. Floods amplify plastic presence in rivers by mobilizing previously deposited and introduce new plastics. Yet, the [...]
Reduced Precipitation on Rapa Nui During the Decline of the Moai Culture
Published: 2025-03-04
Subjects: Atmospheric Sciences, Climate, Environmental Sciences, Environmental Studies, Geography, Human Geography, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
From approximately 1200-1600 CE, Polynesian settlers on the island of Rapa Nui engaged in megalithic monument construction, crafting hundreds of Ahu platforms and Moai statues from volcanic bedrock. The decline of this tradition has intrigued archaeologists for decades. The most widely disseminated hypothesis surrounding the demise of the Ahu Moai culture suggests that the Rapanui overexploited [...]
Magnetotelluric source amplitude effect
Published: 2025-03-04
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geophysics and Seismology
Challenges and Opportunities in Cryosphere in the Hindu Kush Himalaya
Published: 2025-03-04
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geophysics and Seismology, Glaciology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The Hindu Kush Himalaya cryosphere faces critical challenges from climate change, including rapid glacier melt and reduced snow cover. These changes threaten water resources, ecosystems, and livelihoods across the region. However, opportunities emerge through advanced monitoring technologies and increased scientific understanding. Improved remote sensing and field observations allow better [...]
Conduit dynamics of the Rungwe Pumice eruption (Tanzania): From storage to fragmentation of phonolitic-trachytic magmas
Published: 2025-03-04
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The eruptive style and explosivity of a rising magma are initially shaped by the conditions established in the magmatic plumbing system. However, processes in the conduit during ascent exert a large influence on the final eruption style. Peralkaline magmas—bearing an agpaitic index>1—typically have high water saturation levels, promoting explosive behaviour during ascent. At the same time, [...]
Late Ordovician regional high-pressure metamorphism in Scotland: Caledonian metamorphic climax predated the closure of Iapetus
Published: 2025-03-04
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
We document newly recognised Late Ordovician high-pressure (HP) metamorphism in the Scottish Caledonides. Garnet growth at ca. 455–445 Ma within metabasic rocks from the Ross of Mull is constrained to pressures >0.9 GPa and was associated with formation of kyanite-bearing assemblages in meta-pelites that equilibrated at peak conditions of 1.0–1.2 GPa and 700–780°C. This requires the burial of [...]
Performance and Stability Analysis of a GEIOS Proprietary Ionic Nanofluid for Medium to High-Temperature Geothermal Applications
Published: 2025-03-03
Subjects: Chemical Engineering, Engineering, Engineering Science and Materials, Environmental Sciences, Mechanical Engineering, Other Engineering, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Physics
This study investigates the performance and stability of a proprietary ionic nanofluid developed by GEIOS Technologies for medium to high-temperature geothermal applications. The nanofluid integrates boron nitride nanoparticles, proprietary surface modifiers, and quantum-optimized additives to enhance thermal conductivity, heat transfer efficiency, and operational stability in closed-loop [...]
Novel Nitrogen Hybrid Gas-Based Nanofoam System for Enhanced Geothermal Applications: Nanogeios and GEIOS Geothermal EQG
Published: 2025-03-03
Subjects: Chemical Engineering, Engineering, Materials Science and Engineering, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Physics
This study presents a novel nitrogen hybrid gas nanofoam system designed for enhanced geothermal applications, validated through comprehensive laboratory testing. The system integrates a nitrogen gas matrix (95% by volume) infused with engineered aluminum oxide (0.6–0.8% vol) and silica (0.3–0.5% vol) nanoparticles, achieving superior thermal conductivity and fracture stability under simulated [...]
Geometric forward modeling of thrust systems underlying shortening landforms on Mercury
Published: 2025-03-01
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Mercury hosts thousands of shortening landforms that are widespread across the entire planet. The shortening is widely accepted to be caused by a combination of thrust faulting and folding, resulting from the global contraction of Mercury caused by long, sustained cooling. Most shortening landforms on Mercury’s surface have been classified into one of two groups: lobate scarps or wrinkle ridges. [...]