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Preprints

Filtering by Subject: Engineering

Streamflow Hysteresis Analysis through a Deep Dive Budget of the St Venant Momentum Terms

Emma Christine House, Ehab Meselhe, Marian Muste, et al.

Published: 2025-04-26
Subjects: Civil and Environmental Engineering, Engineering

Hysteretic conditions entail non-unique time-independent relationships in flow variables and are prevalent in the unsteady flow regime of most rivers worldwide. Estimation errors associated with the inability of current monitoring techniques to resolve hysteresis effects could have profound implications when the recorded data is used for water resources management and flood forecasting. A deep [...]

Back to Basics: On the Proper Determination of Free-Surface Slope (FSS) in Gradually Varied Open Channel Flows

Emma Christine House, Kyeongdong Kim, Marian Muste, et al.

Published: 2025-04-26
Subjects: Civil and Environmental Engineering, Engineering

This study is a fundamental evaluation of the fluvial wave propagation in river reaches affected by hysteresis, one of the most complex open-channel topics, materialized in loops and lags among hydraulic variables. Hysteresis processes are still understudied as measurements in natural streams for the whole wave propagation duration are hardly available, while the data from existing gaging sites [...]

An integrated approach for characterizing and selecting climate change scenarios: Focusing on variability and extremeness

Jaeyoung Kim, Moon-Hwan Lee, Jong-Ho Ahn, et al.

Published: 2025-04-25
Subjects: Engineering

This study presents a novel integrated approach for selecting optimal combinations of global climate models (GCMs) and shared socioeconomic pathways (SSPs) to assess the impact of climate change on the aquatic environment. The method proposed in this study considers the comprehensive spatial and temporal ranges of climate projections, specifically focusing on the variability and extremeness of [...]

Can large language models effectively reason about adverse weather conditions?

Nima Zafarmomen, Vidya Samadi

Published: 2025-04-24
Subjects: Engineering

This paper seeks to answer the question “can Large Language Models (LLMs) effectively reason about adverse weather conditions?”. To address this question, we utilized multiple LLMs to harness the US National Weather Service (NWS) flood report data spanning from June 2005 to September 2024. Bidirectional and Auto-Regressive Transformer (BART), Bidirectional Encoder Representations from [...]

Sustainable AI infrastructure: A scenario-based forecast of water footprint under uncertainty

Manuel Herrera, Xiang Xie, Andrea Menapace, et al.

Published: 2025-04-24
Subjects: Engineering

The rapid expansion of artificial intelligence (AI) and cloud computing is creating a significant but often overlooked impact on global water resources. This paper presents a global assessment of water consumption in AI-driven data centres, distinguishing between operational water use at the facility and at the electricity generation stage, and embodied water associated with hardware [...]

Infrared Backradiation under low humidity conditions: An Evaluation of Greenhouse Gas Impact

Ernst Hammel, Martin Steiner, Robert Glaubauf

Published: 2025-04-19
Subjects: Engineering, Physical Sciences and Mathematics

This study examines the impact of greenhouse gases (GHG) on infrared back radiation (IRBR) in extreme desert and midlatitude winter conditions. Employing MODTRAN simulations, pyrgeometer measurements and energy balance fit models, we assess the impacts of CO₂, Argon (Ar), N2O and R-134a. Results indicate that increasing CO₂ concentrations yield a very limited additional IRBR effect, whereas [...]

Missing well logs prediction method based on K-nearest neighbors regression

ali abdalsalam

Published: 2025-04-14
Subjects: Engineering, Physical Sciences and Mathematics

In petroleum exploration, well logs are crucial for reservoir characterization. However, missing well logs frequently occur due to tool failures or economic constraints, which can impede accurate subsurface modeling. This research presents a method for predicting missing well logs using the K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN) regression algorithm, trained on data from the University of Kansas. The study [...]

Comparative Analysis of Flood Risk Zoning and Susceptibility Assessment for the Western Corn Belt Plains using Geospatial Techniques

S M Samiul Islam, Ibrahim Demir

Published: 2025-04-11
Subjects: Education, Engineering

Flooding is among the most destructive natural hazards, causing severe socioeconomic and environmental impacts. Accurate flood susceptibility assessment is critical for effective mitigation and sustainable resource planning. This study integrates Geographic Information Systems (GIS), Remote Sensing (RS), and multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) methods to evaluate flood vulnerability across four [...]

Differential Impacts of Marine Heatwaves and Coldwaves on Air-Sea CO2 Flux Across Global Oceans

Zhao Meng

Published: 2025-04-10
Subjects: Engineering, Physical Sciences and Mathematics

The contrasting impacts of marine heatwaves (MHWs) and marine cold waves (MCWs) on the ocean carbon cycle remain insufficiently understood. Based on observational and reanalysis data from 1990 to 2019, this study investigates the global-scale responses of air-sea CO2 fluxes (FCO2) to MHWs and MCWs. Results reveal that MHWs and MCWs exert opposing influences on FCO2, with the magnitude of [...]

Quantifying potential carbon dioxide removal via enhanced weathering using porewater from a field trial in Scotland

Amy Louise McBride, Kirstine Skov, Peter Wade, et al.

Published: 2025-04-08
Subjects: Engineering

Enhanced weathering (EW) is cited as a promising carbon dioxide removal (CDR) strategy, and is being rapidly commercialized. Rigorous monitoring, reporting and verification (MRV) are essential to ensure carbon claims are accurate and carbon credits are not mis-sold. MRV protocols incorporate multiple approaches, including soil and porewater sampling. This paper calculates potential CDR from [...]

Introduction of a nature-based sustainable technology to mitigate climate change-driven water pollution in rivers and lakes

Sudipta Pramanik

Published: 2025-04-08
Subjects: Engineering

Climate change is intensifying water stress around the world by disrupting the water quantity and quality of surrounding rivers, lakes, and streams. Sustainable water management to adopt climate change and improve global water security needs to focus on technology and innovation. A decentralized, low-energy and sustainable approach to meet both the water quality and quantity demands requires for [...]

An event-based methodology to estimate emissions from upstream O&G sites

Mozhou Gao, Zahra Ashena, Steve H.L. Liang, et al.

Published: 2025-04-05
Subjects: Engineering, Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Estimating annual site-level emissions in the oil and gas (O&G) sector is a key requirement for regulatory and voluntary initiatives worldwide. This study introduces an Emission Event Data Model (EEDM) that applies Allen’s interval algebra and spatial proximity to group multi-scale emissions observation and O&G operational data into discrete events. The model classifies emissions events [...]

Spatio-temporal variability in stable water isotopes of Brahmaputra river system and its implications

Madhusmita Nanda, Archana M Nair

Published: 2025-04-04
Subjects: Engineering

The Brahmaputra river system is one of Asia's largest and most dynamic transboundary rivers. Yet, significant investigations on the isotopic signature of its water are limited and not documented. This study aims to address the limitations in datasets and enhance the knowledge of the river's complex hydrological processes and its climatic influence using the stable isotope technique. Over 1-2 [...]

Examining copper supply feasibility in decarbonization pathways: a mine-level dynamic approach

Gaël Parpan, Baptiste Andrieu, Olivier Vidal, et al.

Published: 2025-04-01
Subjects: Engineering, Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Primary copper production capacity is a major concern in light of estimates of future demand. This issue is not sufficiently taken into account in models providing decarbonization pathways. Our study assesses the feasibility of SSPs basic drivers for primary copper requirements derived from the DyMEMDS model, alongside our projections of primary copper production capacities. We introduce a [...]

Total Phosphorus trends in Mississippi and Atchafalaya River Basin Watersheds: Exploring the roles of streamflow and watershed features 2000-2020

Alejandra Botero-Acosta, Gregory McIsaac, Ellen Gilinsky, et al.

Published: 2025-03-29
Subjects: Engineering

A consistent method of analyzing riverine phosphorus concentrations and load trends across subbasins of the Mississippi Atchafalaya River Basin (MARB) can indicate whether and where nutrient loads and concentrations have increased or decreased over the long-term. This can help evaluate the success of federal and state nutrient reduction plans being implemented across the landscape and inform [...]

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