Preprints
Filtering by Subject: Engineering
Advances in UAV-Based Methane Emission Monitoring: Sensors, Sampling Geometry, and Quantification
Published: 2026-10-30
Subjects: Engineering, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are one key platforms for monitoring methane due to their flexible deployment with spatial scales between ground-based sensors and crewed aircraft This review synthesises research on UAV sensing technologies, flight and sampling strategies, quantification methods, and validation practices. It finds that quantitative performance depends on the combined choice of [...]
Conditional Benefits of Point-Level UAV LiDAR--Multispectral Fusion for 3D Vegetation Classification
Published: 2026-10-30
Subjects: Engineering, Environmental Monitoring
Multisensor remote-sensing fusion combines complementary measurements of landscape structure and surface reflectance, but adding a second modality does not necessarily produce uniform classification gains. This study evaluates point-level data fusion of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) LiDAR and multispectral imagery within a three-dimensional (3D) point-cloud representation. Tree--shrub [...]
Treatment of Contaminated Water from the Oil Industry Using Electrocoagulation: A Bibliometric Analysis
Published: 2026-10-29
Subjects: Engineering
This review article presents a bibliometric analysis aimed at examining recent advances in the treatment of contaminated water from the oil industry using electrocoagulation (EC), evaluating the operational parameters that influence removal efficiency. A bibliometric analysis and a systematic review were conducted on 80 experimental articles (2021–2026) retrieved from Scopus. VOSviewer (threshold [...]
Seasonal hydropower forecast framework using a combination of deep learning and physics-based methods
Published: 2026-10-29
Subjects: Engineering
Seasonal hydropower forecasts can inform power-system resource adequacy, but uncertainty propagates through climate, hydrologic, routing, water-management, and generation components.We develop a regional planning prototype linking North American Multi-Model Ensemble seasonal forecasts, Fourier Neural Operator (FNO) downscaling, an uncertainty-aware long short-term memory runoff model based on [...]
Role of Topo-Climatic Factors in Landslide Susceptibility Mapping: A Machine Learning Perspective
Published: 2026-10-29
Subjects: Engineering
With the rapid growth of machine learning (ML) applications in landslide susceptibility mapping (LSM), many studies have relied on large and diverse datasets to improve predictive performance. However, in data-scarce regions, model transferability becomes challenging, and not all input variables contribute meaningful information to landslide prediction, leading to the well-known problem of [...]
Characterising Methane Concentration Variability at Coal Stockpiles in a Surface Coal Mine
Published: 2026-10-29
Subjects: Engineering, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The spatiotemporal variability of atmospheric methane concentration at surface coal mines remains insufficiently characterised. The impact of local meteorology and mining activities on methane emission have not yet been fully evaluated. In this study, ground observations of the methane concentration along with meteorology were carried out around coal stockpiles (CSP) in an active surface coal [...]
The Invisible Depletion: Compound Drought, Groundwater Collapse, and Maladaptation in the Middle East and Southwest Asia
Published: 2026-10-27
Subjects: Agricultural Science, Engineering, Hydrology, Water Resource Management
The Middle East and Southwest Asia (MESWA) region is experiencing severe hydro-climatic non-stationarity, transitioning from cyclical precipitation deficits and surpluses to a state of structural water bankruptcy. This review synthesizes the compounding atmospheric and anthropogenic drivers of this crisis, highlighting the region’s shift towards a regime defined by frequent, concurrent extremes [...]
Erosion-induced momentum production and system acceleration govern landslide mobility
Published: 2026-10-26
Subjects: Civil and Environmental Engineering, Earth Sciences, Engineering, Environmental Engineering, Environmental Sciences, Geology, Geomorphology, Geotechnical Engineering, Glaciology, Hydraulic Engineering, Hydrology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Risk Analysis, Sedimentology, Social and Behavioral Sciences
Erosion can fundamentally alter landslide acceleration through the produced momentum. However, existing analytical landslide velocity models do not account for the energy dissipation associated with erosion-induced system acceleration. Here, I present a novel, complete dynamical velocity model for erosive landslides that incorporates two intrinsically coupled mechanically essential processes: [...]
A multi-source quantitative reconstruction of the 26 August 2026 Bhote Koshi rock-ice avalanche-debris-flow-flood cascade, Nepal
Published: 2026-10-26
Subjects: Engineering
On 26 August 2026, a catastrophic transboundary mass-flow and flood cascade originated in the upper Lhende Khola-Bhote Koshi headwaters and propagated through the Bhote Koshi, Trishuli, and Narayani river system in Nepal. Early public descriptions used the glacial lake outburst flood (GLOF) label, but subsequent seismic, satellite, video, field, hydrological, and damage-assessment evidence [...]
Data-efficient prediction of rare earth leaching from industrial residues with physics-constrained machine learning
Published: 2026-10-25
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Engineering, Geochemistry, Mining Engineering, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Coal ash, mine-water sludge, red mud and phosphogypsum contain rare earth elements, and each new feedstock needs its own leaching recipe. LixaLearn couples a small neural network to closed-form rate laws for four metal hosts (exchange sites, fast-dissolving minerals, slow-dissolving minerals and a locked fraction), with part of the fast host limited by the solubility of its mineral. The network [...]
Incision Sets the Growth Rate of Delta Channel Networks
Published: 2026-10-24
Subjects: Engineering, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
River deltas support large human populations and diverse ecosystems, but many are increasingly threatened by relative sea-level rise and sediment deprivation. Delta growth is widely viewed as a depositional process driven by sediment accumulation. However, the distributary channels that deliver sediment across deltas often extend before major episodes of subaerial land growth. Recent field [...]
Electrification can trigger rapid growth in peak demand uncertainty
Published: 2026-10-21
Subjects: Engineering
Electrification of space heating shifts weather-sensitive energy use onto power systems, driving peak electricity demand and its uncertainty. We quantify uncertainty in residential and commercial peak electricity demand across the contiguous United States by generating 256,200 county-level, hourly demand simulations across 14 heat pump penetration levels and 100 climate trajectories. penetrations [...]
Fear without a dose-response: real-time crowdsourced psychometrics show a moderate earthquake’s psychological footprint is decoupled from shaking intensity in an anticipation-primed megacity
Published: 2026-10-21
Subjects: Engineering, Social and Behavioral Sciences
Fear shapes how populations respond to earthquakes, yet it is almost always measured retrospectively, once it cannot be separated from the damage. On 23 April 2025 a MW 6.2 earthquake shook Istanbul – a megacity that has anticipated a major rupture for 25 years – at ground motions below design level, causing one death and light damage. Using a validated earthquake-fear instrument delivered in [...]
Year-Wise Refitted Spatiotemporal Landslide Susceptibility Forecasting Driven by IMD Rainfall and SMAP Soil Moisture, Wayanad, India
Published: 2026-10-21
Subjects: Engineering
Landslides in hilly regions threaten life, infrastructure, and ecosystems. Landslide susceptibility is inherently transient, yet conventional analysis produces time-invariant zoning and evaluates it by random partitioning of a temporally structured inventory, which permits later events to inform predictions for earlier ones. This study develops a year-wise refitted framework for the Wayanad [...]
Self-Calibration of the Breaker Index from Fixed-Camera Wave Heights
Published: 2026-10-21
Subjects: Engineering
Depth inversions from breaking waves usually assume a breaker index γ, the ratio of breaking height to water depth. Where breaking is depth-limited, the height at a fixed location rises and falls with the tide at the rate γ. Breaking waves tracked in video from fixed coastal cameras therefore can give the index from this tide response and the depth from the mean breaking height, with no survey, [...]