Preprints
Filtering by Subject: Engineering
A Scalable Borehole Thermometry Framework for Process-Based Monitoring of Near-Surface Thermal Dynamics Across Polar and High-Mountain Cryosphere Systems
Published: 2026-02-25
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Engineering, Environmental Sciences, Operations Research, Systems Engineering and Industrial Engineering, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Physics
Rapid climate warming is fundamentally altering the thermal structure and stability of glaciers, ice sheets, and ice shelves across polar and high-mountain environments. While satellite remote sensing and surface meteorological networks provide essential observations of atmospheric forcing and surface conditions, the near-surface subsurface layer (approximately 0–3 m depth)—where energy is [...]
Real-time Forecasting and Operational Control of Perceivable Induced Seismicity in Geo-Energies
Published: 2026-02-25
Subjects: Engineering, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Geo-energies, including enhanced geothermal systems, geological carbon storage, and underground hydrogen storage, are essential for decarbonizing the energy and heavy industry sectors. However, their widespread implementation is hindered by the risk of perceivable induced seismicity. This review begins by evaluating existing seismic hazard mitigation schemes, particularly the traffic light system [...]
Sub-pixel mapping of disturbance and tree mortality dynamics from Sentinel-2 time series around the globe
Published: 2026-02-24
Subjects: Artificial Intelligence and Robotics, Biogeochemistry, Computer Sciences, Earth Sciences, Engineering, Environmental Monitoring, Environmental Sciences, Natural Resources and Conservation, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Elevated forest disturbances and excess tree mortality are increasingly reported worldwide. Yet existing assessments are either based on patchy terrestrial observations or on large-scale satellite products, which are limited in resolution to pixel-level, binary tree loss detection. This leaves a blind spot on fine-scale disturbances where only a few trees are declining in an otherwise intact [...]
Machine Learning and Explainable AI for Agricultural Drought Prediction: A Comparative Analysis of Gradient Boosting Methods Using Multi-Source Earth Observation Data
Published: 2026-02-21
Subjects: Agriculture, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Engineering, Life Sciences
Drought monitoring and prediction remain critical challenges in climate science and agricultural management, particularly under accelerating climate change. This study presents a comprehensive machine learning framework for drought susceptibility mapping in Iowa, USA, using multi-source Earth observation data and explainable artificial intelligence. We systematically evaluated eleven supervised [...]
Directional Peak Factors of Strong-Motion Response Spectra: A Stochastic Field Representation on the Circle
Published: 2026-02-20
Subjects: Civil and Environmental Engineering, Civil Engineering, Engineering, Structural Engineering
Directional variability in horizontal earthquake ground motions is often addressed using orientation-independent intensity measures obtained by rotating the two horizontal components and summarizing the resulting response spectra. In contrast, the stochastic structure of directional peak factors, which connect second-order response measures to extreme response levels, has received limited [...]
Evaluating economic opportunities and challenges for energy recovery from methane leaks during wastewater treatment
Published: 2026-02-13
Subjects: Engineering, Environmental Engineering
Methane leaks from wastewater treatment represent the loss of biogas that can be used to generate onsite energy, offsetting costs and improving efficiency. Here, we characterize emissions from water resource recovery facilities by compiling measurement data and calculating biogas-production normalized leak rates for facilities with anaerobic digestion. For plants where biogas data were [...]
End-to-End Differentiable Auto-Calibration of a Distributed Glacio-Hydrological Model Using Physically Consistent Routing
Published: 2026-02-13
Subjects: Engineering
Distributed glacio-hydrological models are essential for simulating runoff processes in glacier-fed Himalayan basins, yet their application is often constrained by extensive data requirements, high computational costs, and reliance on manual, trial-and-error calibration. Recent auto-calibration approaches using stochastic optimization or machine learning have shown promise, but they frequently [...]
HyGage: Solving the Hysteresis Puzzle with a New Streamflow Monitoring Method
Published: 2026-02-12
Subjects: Engineering, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The questionable reliability of discharges obtained using the traditional stage–discharge method under gradually varied flow conditions continues to motivate the search for improved monitoring approaches that support water resources management, streamflow forecasting, and multipurpose scientific investigations related to the water cycle. This paper introduces HyGage, a new physically based [...]
A suspended adsorbent filter for arsenic removal from water to address UN 2030 agenda for sustainable development
Published: 2026-02-12
Subjects: Engineering
Magnetite particles are widely recognized as green and sustainable material for advanced water treatment. The magnetite particles are synthesized through a simple electrochemical process at room temperature from an iron-based electrode immersed in an alkaline aqueous medium at pH 10.5. Arsenic adsorption kinetics were rapid, and adsorption reaction can reach equilibrium within 10 minutes [...]
Energy-Driven Radius Evolution of Chthonian Planets: A Viscoelastic Maxwell Framework with Applications to Earth
Published: 2026-02-03
Subjects: Engineering, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Chthonian planets—dense rocky or metallic remnants of gas giants stripped of their gaseous envelopes—experience extreme internal pressures and energy densities, making their structural evolution fundamentally different from classical terrestrial planets. We aim to develop a physically grounded framework to describe energy-driven radius evolution in such bodies and to understand how internal [...]
Modelling void fraction distributions in breaking hydraulic jumps
Published: 2026-02-02
Subjects: Engineering
We present two models for predicting void-fraction distributions in hydraulic jumps, addressing the limitations of the conventional two-layer formulation in representing continuous profiles. The first model introduces a two-state convolution to describe the smooth transition between the turbulent shear and roller regions, while the second applies a superposition framework to capture the [...]
Rethinking Vertical Transport of Buoyant Plastics in Open Channels
Published: 2026-02-02
Subjects: Engineering, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Recent studies have demonstrated that the vertical distribution of positively buoyant plastic particles in turbulent open channel flows can be described by a modified Rouse profile. However, implicit observations in the literature also suggest that floating particles remain confined to the air–water interface due to surface tension forces. To shed more light on this apparent contradiction, we [...]
Chemical Dosage Prediction for Drinking Water Treatment Using Random Forest and Polynomial Regression
Published: 2026-01-31
Subjects: Engineering
Predictive modeling of chemical dosage based on raw water quality can be useful in decision-making in operating a water treatment plant. In this study, two statistical methods, i.e., random forest and polynomial regression, are used for modeling the chemical usages in drinking water treatment based on the measured water quality parameters in source water. The daily chemical dosages and eight [...]
Spontaneous liquefaction in saturated granular deposits: State controlled boundary and surface reconfiguration
Published: 2026-01-26
Subjects: Civil and Environmental Engineering, Civil Engineering, Earth Sciences, Engineering, Engineering Science and Materials, Environmental Engineering, Environmental Sciences, Geotechnical Engineering, Hydraulic Engineering, Mechanics of Materials, Mining Engineering, Other Civil and Environmental Engineering, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Risk Analysis
In the case of water-saturated, granular deposits that are at risk of liquefaction, engineers need reliable information about the spatial extent of soil deformation in the event of liquefaction. It is not so important for them to know the exact location of the first failure. However, existing anal-yses primarily deal with the triggering of liquefaction and offer only limited information on how [...]
EVALUATION OF WIND ENERGY RESOURCE: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF EAST RIDING OF YORKSHIRE AND CORNWALL COUNCILS, UNITED KINGDOM
Published: 2026-01-16
Subjects: Engineering, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
This study aimed to assess the wind energy potential in the United Kingdom, focusing on the East Riding of Yorkshire and Cornwall Councils. A comparative analysis was conducted by sampling two weather stations from each region to obtain and analyze wind characteristics. The annual energy yield for both regions was calculated over a four-year period. Data analysis involved frequencies, averages, [...]