Preprints
Filtering by Subject: Engineering
Green Hydrogen from Biomass in Kenya: Geospatial Feed-stock Mapping and Decentralized Energy Integration
Published: 2025-06-13
Subjects: Engineering, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
As countries race to decarbonize, green hydrogen has emerged as a crucial clean energy transformation vehicle. In Sub-Saharan Africa, sufficient biomass resource potential exists to become an actual feedstock for decentralised hydrogen production, but under-explored are the spatial mismatches between resource occurrences and infrastructure systems. The paper conducts a geospatial assessment of [...]
Limitations of Mw and M Scales: Compelling Evidence Advocating for the Das Magnitude Scale (Mwg)—A Critical Review and Analysis
Published: 2025-06-13
Subjects: Engineering, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Abstract Precise determination of earthquake size is cru cial for various geoscientific and engineering applications. The Moment Magnitude (Mw) scale, introduced by Kan amori in 1977, was a significant advancement. Kanamori (1977) advocated use of Mw for large earthquakes (≥ 7.5). (Hanks and Kanamori in J. Geophys. Res. 84:2348–2350) later extended the Mw scale named as M scale by [...]
Comprehensive quantification of production costs for large-scale kelp aquaculture and cost reduction opportunities
Published: 2025-06-12
Subjects: Agriculture, Earth Sciences, Engineering, Environmental Sciences, Life Sciences, Natural Resource Economics, Other Engineering, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
A highly realistic techno-economic analysis (TEA) was developed to assess the cost of production (COP, US $ per fresh tonne kelp) for large-scale kelp aquaculture. The TEA resolves feedbacks across structural design and response, operational requirements and decisions, site properties, and biological response. We apply the TEA to a Saccharina latissima farming operation at a 100m deep, 405 [...]
Enhancing daily precipitation reconstruction: An improved version of the reddPrec R package
Published: 2025-06-11
Subjects: Engineering, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Reconstructing high-quality daily precipitation series is essential for climate studies, hydrological modeling, and environmental applications. This work presents a new version of reddPrec, a versatile and flexible R package designed to reconstruct precipitation datasets through standard quality control, gap-filling, and grid creation procedures. The update introduces greater flexibility in [...]
Assessing the Efficacy and Climate Resilience of Traditional Water Harvesting Systems in Jodhpur District, Rajasthan: A Geospatial and Hydrological Modeling Approach
Published: 2025-06-09
Subjects: Civil and Environmental Engineering, Engineering, Environmental Engineering, Environmental Sciences, Life Sciences
Traditional Water Harvesting Systems (TWHS) are critical for water security in arid regions like Jodhpur district, Rajasthan, India, yet their contemporary efficacy and climate resilience remain inadequately quantified. This study comprehensively assesses selected TWHS, primarily nadis and johads, by integrating geospatial analysis for inventory and characterization, hydrological modeling (SCS-CN [...]
Ensemble methods for landslide susceptibility mapping: A review of machine learning and hybrid approaches
Published: 2025-06-07
Subjects: Engineering
Abstract: The assessment of landslide susceptibility holds significant importance in disaster risk reduction. This study comprehensively examines the current research on landslide susceptibility from two aspects: the steps involved in landslide susceptibility assessment and modeling methods. Initially, we retrieved pertinent research articles, published between 2014 and 2023, and focused on [...]
Revisiting GPS-Derived Plate Kinematics: Evaluation of the Integration of Plate Motion Models in Terrestrial Reference Frames
Published: 2025-06-07
Subjects: Engineering, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Tectonic plate motion is a cornerstone of the physical theory of plate tectonics, yet our understanding of lithospheric kinematics increasingly depends on the framework in which measurements are interpreted. With the advent of satellite-based geodesy, particularly the Global Positioning System (GPS), direct measurement of Earth’s surface dynamics has become possible with millimeter-level [...]
Mapping Rock Density in Ireland via Image-Based Geological Classification and Geodetic Modeling
Published: 2025-06-04
Subjects: Engineering
This study presents a comprehensive geospatial and geophysical workflow designed to develop a detailed rock density model for Ireland. The methodology integrates image-based classification of geological maps, specifically from the Geological Survey of Ireland (GSI), with precise geodetic computations. We detail the procedures for classifying rock types based on RGB values, assigning accurate [...]
Modeling Fluid Dynamics in Porous Media: A Pore-Scale Flow Analysis
Published: 2025-05-31
Subjects: Engineering
This study investigates single-phase fluid flow in porous media using advanced numerical methods, with a focus on pore-scale dynamics, to address the limitations of traditional models, such as Darcy's law. The research utilizes the Creeping Flow interface and the Brinkman equation to analyze velocity and pressure distributions in heterogeneous porous media. Qualitative results indicate the [...]
Large-sample characterization of flooding events in India
Published: 2025-05-31
Subjects: Engineering, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Effective flood management requires a robust understanding of past floods. In India, such understanding is largely limited to case studies due to the absence of a standardized observed flood dataset. We address this gap by presenting a national dataset of 7500 flooding events, developed by merging observed streamflow records with official flooding thresholds and augmenting it with multiple [...]
Making carbon management work – navigating technical and policy uncertainty towards a net-zero future
Published: 2025-05-30
Subjects: Engineering
Predicting Glacier Ice Melt with Machine Learning to Address Climate Change
Published: 2025-05-21
Subjects: Engineering
The accelerating decline in glacier mass due to climate change presents a significant threat to global water resources, sea levels, and ecosystem stability. This research integrates machine learning techniques to predict glacier ice melt patterns using historical mass balance data. Leveraging the publicly available global glacier mass balance dataset, the study investigates temporal trends [...]
Biorestorer: Synthetic Succession for Soil Restoration in Arid and Degraded Regions
Published: 2025-05-21
Subjects: Civil and Environmental Engineering, Desert Ecology, Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Engineering, Environmental Engineering, Life Sciences
Soil degradation in arid and semi-arid regions poses a critical threat to global ecological stability and food security. This paper introduces Biorestorer, a systems-based framework for initiating synthetic succession and synthetic pedogenesis in highly degraded or sterile substrates where natural recovery is infeasible. The Biorestorer concept integrates dual-temperature biochar, [...]
Enzyme-Mediated Multiphase Precipitation (EMMP): An Innovative Strategy for Ecotoxic Metal Immobilization in Aqueous Systems
Published: 2025-05-16
Subjects: Engineering, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Ecotoxic metal contamination in wastewater and soil poses a critical environmental challenge due to its persistence, toxicity, and bioaccumulation potential. While conventional biogeotechnical methods like Enzyme-Induced Carbonate Precipitation (EICP) and Microbial Induced Carbonate Precipitation (MICP) have shown promise for metal immobilisation, their application is limited by excessive [...]
Time shift: The peak reduction potential of demand response with simple time-of-use pricing
Published: 2025-05-15
Subjects: Engineering, Oil, Gas, and Energy, Sustainability
Increasing electrification of energy systems, required for greenhouse gas emissions reductions, poses challenges for electricity systems from increased peak demand. Demand response can reduce peak demand, but acceptability is limited by consumer concerns about effort, complexity, and lack of control. This study assesses the potential of simple demand response programs using existing electricity [...]