Preprints
Filtering by Subject: Earth Sciences
Multipole Modeling for Magnetic Microscopy Constrained by Euler Deconvolution
Published: 2026-08-08
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geophysics and Seismology
Magnetic microscopy is rapidly advancing toward higher spatial resolutions and smaller sensor-to-sample distances. Under these conditions, dipolar approaches become increasingly limited because higher-order magnetic contributions can no longer be neglected when retrieving reliable full-vector information for paleomagnetic and rock magnetic applications. However, multipolar representations often [...]
Designing decision-centric early warning systems for climate tipping points: the North Atlantic Subpolar Gyre as a test case
Published: 2026-08-07
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Physical and Environmental Geography
Early warning systems (EWS) for climate tipping point must support decisions to be useful. Using the potential near-term Subpolar Gyre tipping point as a test case, we develop a pre-elicitation framework linking Earth System science with decision-making. We show that no single EWS can meet diverse decision needs. Instead, the framework identifies shared decision architectures and information [...]
Moving fast without breaking things: The benefits of preprinting for CDR research
Published: 2026-08-06
Subjects: Biogeochemistry, Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Other Earth Sciences, Other Environmental Sciences
Advocates of preprinting usually focus on its benefits to individual researchers — more feedback, citations, and visibility. We argue its greater value is collective: preprinting improves scientific coordination, which the carbon dioxide removal field needs in order to move fast without sacrificing rigor.
Split-Spectrum InSAR for Reliable Ionospheric Correction: A Critical Review of Uncertainty, Validation, and Reproducibility
Published: 2026-08-05
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Split-spectrum interferometry provides a physically grounded means of separating dispersive ionospheric phase from non-dispersive deformation-related phase in Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar observations. Its practical reliability, however, depends on processing choices that are often reported incompletely and validated inconsistently. This critical narrative review examines the physical [...]
Morphometric and Sedimentological Analysis of Shahnur River Basin, Amravati District, Maharashtra, India
Published: 2026-08-05
Subjects: Earth Sciences
The given study focuses on the morphometric and sedimentological characteristics of Shahnur River Basin. It is situated in the basalt dominated area of Deccan Traps of Amravati District, Maharashtra, India. The basin has various features to investigate the interaction between the lithological control, structural influences, and fluvial processes. Using the SRTM Digital Elevation Model (DEM) data [...]
River dissolved inorganic carbon losses from the Andes to lowland Amazon via cryptic sedimentary exchange processes
Published: 2026-08-05
Subjects: Biogeochemistry, Earth Sciences, Geochemistry, Geomorphology, Hydrology
River carbon transfers and associated greenhouse gas emissions are a major component of the carbon cycle. Proposals to use rivers and their catchments to increase carbon dioxide (CO2) drawdown, by enhanced rock weathering and river alkalinity enhancement, require secure delivery of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and increased cation loads (e.g. Ca2+) to the ocean. Here we explore the fate of [...]
Permafrost degradation as a heterogeneous mosaic of tipping and non-tipping behaviour
Published: 2026-08-05
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geomorphology, Other Earth Sciences
Permafrost thaw can occur as widespread gradual thaw, or as abrupt thaw. Abrupt thaw can occur on decadal or shorter timescales and produce large, often irreversible changes to landscapes, ecosystems, and infrastructure. These changes are frequently described as tipping points, yet the underlying mechanisms differ substantially in their feedback structure, reversibility, and capacity for [...]
The Unfinished Map: Observing the Indian Ocean through Model-Corrected, Fleet-Based Sensing
Published: 2026-08-04
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Environmental Monitoring, Environmental Sciences, Oceanography
We make decisions about the ocean-the largest and most consequential system on Earth-from a sample so sparse it would be judged inadmissible in almost any other science. Less than one-thousandth of one percent of the deep seafloor has ever been seen by a human eye or camera; most deep-ocean observation has been carried out by a handful of wealthy nations; and the Indian Ocean-which has absorbed a [...]
Questioning the Ferromanganese Nodule Dark Oxygen Production Hypothesis
Published: 2026-08-04
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Quantifying causal effects of green–blue–gray landscape change on urban thermal outcomes: A spatiotemporal causal machine learning analysis across city scales
Published: 2026-08-04
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Environmental Health and Protection, Environmental Sciences, Sustainability
Optimizing urban green–blue–gray (UGBG) landscapes has become increasingly important for mitigating surface urban heat island (SUHI) intensity under rapid urbanization. However, the causal effects of landscape pattern changes on SUHI remain poorly quantified, particularly regarding their heterogeneity among spatial configuration, urban scales, and temporal periods. This knowledge gap limits the [...]
Joint Inversion of Seismic and Geoelectrical Data Targeting Geological Faults
Published: 2026-08-04
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geophysics and Seismology, Tectonics and Structure
Near-surface geological faults play a crucial role in subsurface systems because they influence fluid flow and transport and can cause geotechnical failure. Topography can sometimes indicate the presence of fault zones, particularly in active tectonic settings where geomorphic features such as triangular facets are preserved. However, particularly for older inactive faults, characteristic surface [...]
Fourier Neural Operator Surrogates for Hysteretic Multiphase Flow in Heterogeneous Geological CO2 Storage Reservoirs
Published: 2026-08-03
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Fluid Dynamics, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Modeling hysteresis in heterogeneous field-scale reservoirs is essential for estimating residual CO2 trapping capacity and assessing the security of geological storage. This requires accounting for both relative permeability hysteresis and capillary pressure hysteresis, which control path-dependent multiphase flow and the spatial distribution of trapped gas. Because maximum residual gas [...]
A Deep Learning-based Workflow for the Automated Focal Mechanism Determination in Italy
Published: 2026-08-01
Subjects: Earth Sciences
The determination of earthquake focal mechanisms is crucial for understanding tectonic processes and assessing seismic hazard. While traditional methods based on manual polarity picking have proven effective, they are time-consuming and potentially subject to analyst’s bias, particularly for small to moderate earthquakes. This study presents a machine learning-based approach for automating focal [...]
A community data commons for equitable Earth Science
Published: 2026-07-30
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences
Earth observation data are abundant but rarely analysis-ready, and the burden of preparation limits who can participate in science. For the last six years, the Google Earth Engine Community Catalog has closed that gap via community-curated, cloud-hosted, FAIR datasets built without formal funding, advancing discovery and equity worldwide.
MUONITH v1.0 — A Fast Simulation Tool for Multi-directional Muography Observation Design
Published: 2026-07-29
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geophysics and Seismology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Multi-directional muography is a non-destructive technique for imaging the three-dimensional density structure of large objects such as volcanoes. Recent developments in detector technology—miniaturization, low-power operation, and weight reduction—are rapidly expanding the range of feasible observation sites, and detector deployment by unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) is also being studied; in [...]