Preprints
Filtering by Subject: Earth Sciences
Global sediment transport intermittency is set by river planform
Published: 2026-01-14
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geomorphology, Hydrology, Sedimentology
Patterns of water and sediment flux in rivers are key to understanding landscape responses to environmental change. Quantifying water intermittency in rivers (from perennial to ephemeral) provides vital context for interpreting long-term hydrographs and flood frequency, yet controls on corresponding sediment intermittency are poorly understood due to measurement challenges. We present the first [...]
The Coupling Cloud: A community database of megathrust kinematic coupling models
Published: 2026-01-14
Subjects: Earth Sciences
Kinematic coupling models inverted from geodetic data are widely used to evaluate how slip deficit is distributed along subduction megathrusts during the interseismic period, and are central to earthquake and tsunami hazard assessment. Yet, existing coupling models differ widely in methodology and inputs, lack common community standards, and are scattered across publications and repositories. [...]
Generation of Random Geological Models Using Multi-Randomization for Machine Learning
Published: 2026-01-14
Subjects: Earth Sciences
Role of Lithospheric and Upper-Mantle Heterogeneities in Controlling Intraplate Seismicity in Central and Southeastern Brazil
Published: 2026-01-12
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geology, Geophysics and Seismology
Seismicity in Central and Southeastern Brazil is spatially heterogeneous, with active zones showing little correspondence to major geological provinces, a pattern typical of many intraplate settings worldwide. While previous studies have explored possible controls using geophysical observations, the relative roles of crustal and upper-mantle heterogeneities in shaping the regional stress fields [...]
The magnitude of equilibrium isotope fractionation of Mg between forsterite, diopside and melt at liquidus temperatures
Published: 2026-01-12
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geochemistry, Mineral Physics
We examine the equilibrium fractionation of Mg isotopes between forsterite, diopside, and a coexisting melt at liquidus temperatures using a combination of analyses of petrological-experiment products and atomic-scale simulations. Our experiment yields ∆²⁶Mgol/melt = -0.058 ± 0.032 ‰ (2s.e.) and ∆²⁶Mgcpx/melt = 0.060 ± 0.034 ‰ (2s.e.) for crystals grown from a near-cotectic basaltic melt in the [...]
Paleolatitude.org 3.0: a calculator for paleoclimate and paleobiology studies based on a new global paleogeography model
Published: 2026-01-11
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Paleogeography, and particularly the paleolatitude, provides key context in the interpretation of paleoclimatic and paleobiological data but these fields are typically studied by scientists in different disciplines. To facilitate communication between these disciplines, a decade ago the online Paleolatitude.org calculator was developed. This provided for any coordinate on stable tectonic plates a [...]
Mineral properties identified as most influential drivers of mineral-associated organic carbon formation using a community-based sorption database
Published: 2026-01-10
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences
Increasing soil organic carbon (SOC) storage has the potential to substantially offset anthropogenic CO2 emissions. Globally, mineral-associated organic carbon (MAOC) constitutes the majority of SOC (~65%) and represents a more persistent SOC pool for sequestration. However, the factors controlling how much organic carbon sorbs to soil minerals remain poorly understood, limiting our ability to [...]
Scene-based spectral characterization of spaceborne imaging spectrometers in different spectral windows
Published: 2026-01-10
Subjects: Atmospheric Sciences, Earth Sciences
Accurate knowledge of the spectral response of spaceborne imaging spectrometers, including center wavelength (CW) and full width at half maximum (FWHM), is essential for reliable retrievals of atmospheric and surface parameters from at-sensor radiance data. Pre-flight characterizations often fail to capture changes in spectral response arising from launch, orbital conditions, and instrument [...]
Increasing temperatures controlled rockfall activity in the Rwenzori Mountains (Uganda) over the past 11,000 years
Published: 2026-01-10
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geomorphology
Rockfalls and other gravitational mass movements are expected to become more frequent under ongoing global warming in temperate and cold mountainous regions. In contrast, although high numbers of rockfalls are observed in humid tropical mountains, the processes controlling their occurrence remain poorly understood. These warmer regions offer valuable natural laboratories for anticipating the [...]
Astronomical pacing of the Ludfordian Biogeochemical Event, the largest carbon cycle perturbation of the Phanerozoic
Published: 2026-01-09
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Stratigraphy
The Kosov Quarry section (Prague Basin, Czech Republic) preserves one of the most complete Silurian successions spanning the Ludfordian (late Silurian) Biogeochemical Event (LBE), encompassing the mid-Ludfordian Carbon Isotope Excursion (MLCIE), the largest positive δ13Ccarb excursion of the Phanerozoic. The LBE is associated with climatic cooling, redox reorganisation, sea-level change, and [...]
Reconstruction of plate tectonic evolution and orogenesis of the Central Tethysides (Iran, Afghanistan) since the Permian
Published: 2026-01-07
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geology, Stratigraphy, Tectonics and Structure
The Central Tethysides constitute the Iranian and Afghan section of the Alpine-Himalayan orogenic belt. Two large sutures in the north and south are widely considered to represent the closed Paleo- and Neotethys ocean, respectively, with a 'Cimmerian' continent in between that traveled from Gondwana-Land to Eurasia in the Permo-Triassic and reconnected with Arabia in the late Oligocene. However, [...]
Comment on Rodríguez Collantes et al. A New Earth Crustal Velocity Field Estimation from ROA cGNSS Station Networks in the South of Spain and North Africa. Remote Sens. 2025, 17, 704
Published: 2026-01-03
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geophysics and Seismology, Tectonics and Structure
In their recent study, Rodríguez Collantes et al. presented a new GNSS velocity field from the Royal Institute and Observatory of the Spanish Navy (ROA) network, deployed in southern Spain and northern Africa. However, their claims regarding the novelty of certain results and the precision of their findings compared to recent publications are questionable. I present previous studies not cited by [...]
Reviewing chronostratigraphic uncertainty of the Ediacaran-Cambrian transition
Published: 2026-01-02
Subjects: Biogeochemistry, Earth Sciences, Geochemistry, Geology, Stratigraphy
The Ediacaran-Cambrian transition archives the widespread disappearance of ‘Ediacaran-type’ soft-bodied biota and the appearance of most modern animal body plans, including a major diversification of skeletal animals and styles of animal-substrate interaction. Despite over a century of study, our ability to confidently reconstruct the series of macroevolutionary events that inform origination and [...]
Land subsidence in Jakarta in Three Dimensions (2014-2025) using InSAR-GNSS Datum Connection and the Strapdown Decomposition
Published: 2025-12-30
Subjects: Earth Sciences
Coastal megacities face compounding hazards from rising sea levels and land subsidence. Jakarta, one of the fastest-sinking megacities, already experiences recurrent flooding amplified by rapid land subsidence. Assessing and mitigating this hazard requires reliable estimates of three-dimensional ground motion over wide spatial and temporal scales in a well-defined geodetic reference frame and [...]
Hydrological and landscape controls on dissolved organic matter dynamics in European wetlands
Published: 2025-12-28
Subjects: Biogeochemistry, Climate, Earth Sciences, Fresh Water Studies
Dissolved organic matter (DOM) is a key component in aquatic ecosystems, representing the main source of energy for microbial metabolism and playing a crucial role in C sequestration and export. Its optical properties (absorption and fluorescence) provide integrated information on its quality (average molecular weight and aromaticity degree, main sources, presence of protein like and humic-like [...]