Preprints
Filtering by Subject: Earth Sciences
Extreme changes in water level regenerate reed stands and a stable water regime leads to die-off: lessons from the analysis of 40-year satellite times series observations in a shallow lake ecosystem.
Published: 2026-05-30
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Hydrology, Natural Resources and Conservation, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Terrestrial and Aquatic Ecology, Water Resource Management
Reed wetlands are key to the productivity of shallow lakes, and their condition is tightly governed by water level variability. Using long-term satellite observations, we provide the first analysis linking hydrology and reed vitality at Lake Neusiedl, a major climate sensitive wetland system in the Pannonian Basin. We assembled a 40-year record (1985–2025) of Landsat derived Enhanced Vegetation [...]
A benchmark deep learning dataset for the classification of supraglacial lake drainage mechanism across the central-west Greenland Ice Sheet
Published: 2026-05-29
Subjects: Artificial Intelligence and Robotics, Earth Sciences, Glaciology, Numerical Analysis and Scientific Computing, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Supraglacial lakes on the Greenland Ice Sheet drain through physically distinct pathways: hydrofracture, moulins, lateral stream routing, and crevasse-fields. Each drainage mechanism carries unique implications for ice sheet dynamics. Existing automated classifications reduce each lake's drainage behavior to a time-series of scalar values representing the observed water surface-area and classify [...]
Resolving the SAI Trilemma with a Novel Core–Shell Mineral Aerosol: DoloSil-20, a Silica-Passivated Dolomite Architecture for Simultaneous Optical Efficiency, Thermal Neutrality, and Ozone Safety
Published: 2026-05-29
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Engineering, Environmental Sciences, Materials Science and Engineering, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Conventional stratospheric aerosol injection (SAI) strategies based on liquid sulfate aerosols (H2SO4.H2O) introduce well-documented risks of catalytic ozone destruction and stratospheric near-infrared heating. From a materials-science perspective, the core challenge is one of multi-objective material selection: identifying a particle composition that simultaneously optimizes optical performance, [...]
Lunar Formation by Triple Phase Transition in the Differentiating Proto-Earth
Published: 2026-05-28
Subjects: Astrophysics and Astronomy, Earth Sciences, Physics, Planetary Sciences, The Sun and the Solar System
The origin of the Moon remains one of the open questions of planetary science. The canonical giant impact model (Theia collision) predicts neither the near-isotopic identity of Earth and Moon, nor the crustal dichotomy, nor the ≈ 300 Myr delay of the terrestrial dynamo. The synestia model faces the same limitations. This work is conceptually distinct from both: it requires no external impactor, [...]
The Largest Mountain Belt of the Last Billion Years: The East African Orogen, its tectono-topographic evolution and global significance.
Published: 2026-05-28
Subjects: Earth Sciences
Hutton’s Principle of Uniformitarianism suggests that the present is the key to the past, and in the present, Earth’s topography is dominated by the Himalaya. The geological record clearly preserves past mountain ranges, but few have purported to have the effect on Earth’s surface systems (such as the atmosphere, hydrosphere, biosphere and ocean chemistry) that the Himalaya does today. The [...]
Downstream patterns in bedrock valley morphology encode climatic and tectonic forcing
Published: 2026-05-27
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geomorphology
Fluvially-carved bedrock valleys are ubiquitous landscape features. Vertical incision into underlying bedrock generates valley relief, whereas lateral migration of the river channel widens the valley floor as the river erodes the valley walls. The relative efficacy of these processes, which can be modulated by precipitation and water discharge, sediment supply, lithology, and uplift rates is [...]
Post-glacial sedimentary evolution and stratigraphy of the shallow offshore areas of the Shetland Islands (UK)
Published: 2026-05-25
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geology, Geophysics and Seismology, Sedimentology, Stratigraphy
We present a high-resolution seismic–sedimentological reconstruction of post-glacial sedimentation in three shallow offshore basins around the Shetland Islands (Dury Voe, Colgrave Sound/Basta Voe, and Yell Sound), based on integrated multibeam bathymetry, sub-bottom profiler data, and 77 vibrocores supported by radiocarbon dating. Sediment distribution is strongly controlled by inherited bedrock [...]
Hydroelectric Regulation Decouples Arctic Silica Delivery from the Diatom Bloom: A Climate-Independent Causal Attribution Across Twenty Subarctic Rivers
Published: 2026-05-23
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Hydrology, Oceanography, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Large subarctic rivers deliver most of their dissolved nutrients during the spring freshet, in approximate phase with the ice-edge diatom bloom that those nutrients support. Hydroelectric regulation flattens the river hydrograph, holding back the freshet and raising winter discharge, and in doing so it redistributes nutrient delivery in time. Across twenty subarctic rivers spanning the Arctic [...]
Trapped Lee-Wave Resonance Determines Antarctic Megadune Wavelength
Published: 2026-05-23
Subjects: Applied Statistics, Categorical Data Analysis, Design of Experiments and Sample Surveys, Earth Sciences, Fluid Dynamics, Geology, Geomorphology, Geophysics and Seismology, Glaciology, Mineral Physics, Other Earth Sciences, Paleontology, Physics, Planetary Geology, Planetary Geomorphology, Planetary Geophysics and Seismology, Planetary Glaciology, Planetary Hydrology, Planetary Mineral Physics, Planetary Sciences, Planetary Sedimentology, Sedimentology, Statistical Methodology, Statistical Models, Statistics and Probability, Stratigraphy
Snow megadunes cover 5×105 km2 of the East Antarctic plateau, biasing surface mass balance estimates and overprinting ice-core signals—yet their 2–5 km wavelength has lacked a quantitative selection mechanism for two decades. We first falsify the standard formula λ∗ = 2πU0/N through a calibration-free spatial test: eight REMA 2 m tiles across two independent locations at 81.5–82.0°S show no [...]
First Observational Evidence That Biological Giant CCN Control Urban Rainfall Character: A Natural Experiment from Islamabad's Paper Mulberry Removal
Published: 2026-05-22
Subjects: Atmospheric Sciences, Earth Sciences, Hydrology, Meteorology
Modeling studies predict that biological aerosol, specifically pollen acting as giant cloud condensation nuclei (GCCN), can modify precipitation character by initiating collision-coalescence and warm rain in shallow cloud (Steiner et al., 2015; Wozniak et al., 2018; Paukert et al., 2025). No observational study has tested this prediction. We exploit a natural experiment, the removal of ~29,000 [...]
Role of Fault Geometry in Generating Backward-migrating P-wave Radiation During the 2025 Mw 7.7 Myanmar Earthquake
Published: 2026-05-20
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geophysics and Seismology
The Mw 7.7 Myanmar earthquake of 28 March 2025 ruptured the Sagaing Fault system over ~450 km and exhibited complex rupture behavior, including intermittent supershear propagation and backward-migrating high-frequency (HF) P-wave radiation. We image the rupture evolution using multi-frequency teleseismic P-wave back-projection (BP) (0.05–0.5, 0.1–1.0, and 0.3–2.0 Hz) and compare the results with [...]
Simulation-Based Sensitivity Analysis of Check-Dam Height Effects on Downstream Debris-Flow Depth for Structural Countermeasure Scenarios
Published: 2026-05-20
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Engineering, Other Engineering, Risk Analysis
Check dams can influence debris-flow propagation, but their effects may depend on location, height, and local topographic conditions. This study evaluates the sensitivity of downstream debris-flow depth to check-dam height scenarios using numerical simulations of a mountainous catchment in Atami, Japan. Six hypothetical check-dam locations were placed along the torrent, and 4,877 valid cases were [...]
Stochastic Inversion of geophysical data by sequential Bayesian updating under a non-stationary Gaussian process prior
Published: 2026-05-20
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Statistics and Probability
The acquisition of geophysical data is becoming increasingly important in the context of critical mineral exploration. Geophysical data and inversion product are essential to map many components of the critical mineral system by detecting geophysical anomalies that can be interpreted by expert geologists. However, the inversion of airborne geophysical data acquired along flightlines into [...]
Petrogenic Carbon Oxidation and Its Impact on the Carbon Balance in the Ganga River Basin
Published: 2026-05-15
Subjects: Earth Sciences
Based on sampling and investigation spanning several years, we conduct a comprehensive assessment of petrogenic organic carbon (OCpetro) oxidation and evaluate the net carbon budget in the Ganga–Hooghly River (GHR) basin, extending from the Himalayan mountainous catchments to the floodplains in India. Our multi-proxy approach combines data on rhenium (Re) concentrations, radiocarbon (pMC), stable [...]
Multidimensional Inconsistency in Forest Ecosystem Representation: An NLP-Assisted Thematic Review
Published: 2026-05-13
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Environmental Studies, Geography
Forest ecosystem monitoring increasingly relies on multisensor remote sensing approaches integrating optical imagery, synthetic aperture radar (SAR), and LiDAR observations to assess biomass, degradation, and ecosystem condition. However, these systems frequently generate inconsistent representations of the same ecosystem due to differences in sensor sensitivity, ecological complexity, scale [...]