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Preprints

Filtering by Subject: Geophysics and Seismology

The Effects of Fluid Pre-Conditioning on the Deformational Response of a Laboratory Fault

Patrick Bianchi, Paul Antony Selvadurai, Antonio Felipe Salazar Vásquez, et al.

Published: 2025-10-16
Subjects: Geophysics and Seismology, Hydrology

Surface Wave Dispersion Calculation and Sensitivity Analysis in Anisotropic and Weakly Attenuating Medium Based on Spectral Element Method

NANQIAO DU, Tianshi Liu, Mijian Xu, et al.

Published: 2025-10-16
Subjects: Geophysics and Seismology

We present a comprehensive and flexible framework for modeling 1-D surface wave dispersion in anisotropic and weakly attenuating media. The spectral element method is employed to accommodate various stress-strain relationships, boundary conditions, and multiphysics coupling effects. Both radial and general complex anisotropic relations can be incorporated. Standard linear solid models, along with [...]

Glacier processes from seismic recordings on Sørsdal Glacier, East Antarctica

Jared Carl Magyar, Anya M. Reading, Ross J. Turner, et al.

Published: 2025-10-15
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geophysics and Seismology, Glaciology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics

A catalogue of seismic events is produced and analysed for Sørsdal Glacier, East Antarctica. Recordings were made using an irregular array of three broadband and eight short-period seismometers, with approximately 3 km aperture, deployed slightly upstream of the expected grounding line during the 2017-18 austral summer. The broadband sensors were used to construct the event catalogue, and the [...]

Seismicity Migration from Fluid Injection: Laboratory Experiments and Numerical Models Illuminate Volume-Driven versus Pressure-Diffusion-Driven Migration

Jun Young Song, Lingfu Liu, Chloé Arson, et al.

Published: 2025-10-10
Subjects: Geophysics and Seismology, Geotechnical Engineering, Mining Engineering

Fluid injection into the subsurface can induce seismicity by reactivating shear rupture, which typically produces larger earthquake magnitudes than tensile rupture. In laboratory shear rupture experiments, pressurization of the entire fault is often limited because large unconfined samples allow fluid to leak at free surfaces. In this study, we investigated shear fault reactivation by directly [...]

Constraining On- and Off-Fault Nonlinear Dynamic Rupture Parameters via Hierarchical Bayesian Inversion for the 2019 Mw 7.1 Ridgecrest Earthquake

Zihua Niu, Maximilian Kruse, Linus Seelinger, et al.

Published: 2025-09-20
Subjects: Geophysics and Seismology

We present the first multilevel Bayesian inversion to quantify uncertainties and correlations among on- and off-fault dynamic rupture parameters for the 2019 Mw 7.1 Ridgecrest earthquake. The inversion is constrained by multidisciplinary surface deformation data, including fault-parallel offsets from satellite imagery, high-rate GNSS time series, and static GNSS displacements, and is enabled by [...]

Efficient Self-Attention Based Joint Optimization for Lithology and Petrophysical Parameter Estimation in the Athabasca Oil Sands

M Quamer Nasim, Paresh Nath Singha Roy, Adway Mitra

Published: 2025-09-18
Subjects: Artificial Intelligence and Robotics, Earth Sciences, Geology, Geophysics and Seismology

Accurately identifying lithology and petrophysical parameters, such as porosity and water saturation, are essential in reservoir characterization. Manual interpretation of well-log data, the conventional approach, is not only labor-intensive but also susceptible to human errors. To address these challenges of lithology identification and petrophysical parameter estimation in the Athabasca Oil [...]

Massive High-Fidelity Focal Mechanisms Reveal Detailed Structure of Re-Activated Faults During Hydraulic Fracturing in Western Canada

Jiachen Hu, Yunfeng Chen, Hongyu Yu, et al.

Published: 2025-09-15
Subjects: Geophysics and Seismology

Microseismic focal mechanism solutions (FMSs) are essential for understanding reservoir stress changes and rock fracturing during hydraulic fracturing. While machine learning has shown strong performance in seismic data processing tasks, including phase picking and magnitude estimation, as well as identifying P-wave first-motion polarity for moderate to large earthquakes to invert FMSs, its [...]

Shear-wave splitting measured for permanent reservoir monitoring systems: an example from the Snorre field

Joseph Asplet, John-Michael Kendall, Annie Jerkins, et al.

Published: 2025-09-06
Subjects: Geophysics and Seismology

Microseismic monitoring of offshore CO2 storage projects is likely to include some deployment of offshore sensors. To improve the value proposition of this monitoring infrastructure, it is important to consider what other information can be gained about the CO2 storage complex and the surrounding region. Shear-wave splitting is one potential source of added value to microseismic monitoring of CO2 [...]

Passive Monitoring of in situ Stress Using Shear-Wave Splitting: Applications to CO2 Storage and Beyond

Joseph Asplet, Mark Fellgett, Tom Kettlety, et al.

Published: 2025-09-05
Subjects: Geophysics and Seismology

Characterising the in situ stress field is important for a range of industrial applications, such as geological CO₂ storage, geothermal projects, hydrocarbon extraction, geological disposal facilities, and for natural seismic hazard assessment. Shear-wave splitting is a passive measurement which can be used to passively monitor changes in the in situ stress field. We combine borehole stress and [...]

3D surface displacement estimation over the Groningen gas field, the Netherlands

Wietske S Brouwer, Ramon Hanssen

Published: 2025-08-29
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Environmental Monitoring, Geophysics and Seismology, Mining Engineering, Oil, Gas, and Energy

Since 1964, the Groningen gas field in the Netherlands has experienced significant subsidence due to gas extraction. Although InSAR has been widely used to estimate the vertical displacements of the field, capturing the full three-dimensional deformation, including omnidirectional horizontal components, remained a challenge and has only been achieved from spatially sparse GNSS observations. The [...]

Using ruptures from an earthquake cycle simulator to test geodetic early warning system performance

Margarita M. Solares-Colón, Diego Melgar, Andrew Howell, et al.

Published: 2025-08-29
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geophysics and Seismology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics

New Zealand's vulnerability to seismic hazards highlights the need for systems capable of providing earthquake early warning (EEW) or rapid notice of strong shaking. Large offshore earthquakes along the subduction zone east of the North Island could also trigger catastrophic tsunamis, inundating coastal communities in under an hour. While New Zealand operates a robust seismic and geodetic network [...]

Assessing inversion uncertainty from initial model variability: A practical approach for geothermal MT exploration

Atsushi Suzuki

Published: 2025-08-19
Subjects: Computational Engineering, Geophysics and Seismology, Geotechnical Engineering, Numerical Analysis and Scientific Computing, Power and Energy

We propose a simple and computationally efficient approach to evaluate the uncertainty in magnetotelluric (MT) inversion results arising from differences in initial models. Spatially smooth initial resistivity structures are generated by assigning random resistivity values to fixed representative points and applying Kriging-based interpolation. A series of 3D inversions was conducted using these [...]

Analysis of geomagnetic secular variation for the last 1.5 Ma recorded by volcanic rocks of the Trans Mexican Volcanic Belt: new data from Sierra de Chichinautzin, Mexico

Alejandro Rodríguez Trejo, Luis Manuel Alva Valdivia, Mireille Perrin, et al.

Published: 2025-08-09
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geophysics and Seismology

The great wealth of volcanism along the Trans Mexican Volcanic Belt (TMVB) and the need to improve the secular variation curve of the Earth magnetic field of the region is the aim of this research. 300 oriented cores from 33 sites and 21 individual cooling units were acquired from Sierra de Chichinautzin volcanic field (ChVF) and Sierra de Santa Catarina (SSC). Directional analysis and rock [...]

Geomodelling of multi-scenario non-stationary reservoirs with enhanced GANSim

Suihong Song, Tapan Mukerji, Celine Scheidt, et al.

Published: 2025-08-05
Subjects: Artificial Intelligence and Robotics, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Earth Sciences, Engineering, Geology, Geophysics and Seismology, Hydrology, Mining Engineering, Natural Resources and Conservation, Natural Resources Management and Policy, Oil, Gas, and Energy, Sedimentology, Stratigraphy

Reservoir geomodelling is critical for groundwater management, CO₂ storage, geothermal exploitation, and hydrocarbon exploration, yet traditional geostatistical methods like multiple-point statistics (MPS) struggle with simulating complex geological patterns. GANSim, a Generative Adversarial Networks-based geomodelling method, has proven effective for single-scenario stationary reservoirs, but [...]

Comparisons of tsunami inundation between homogeneous and heterogeneous earthquake sources at select sites for the Cascadia Subduction Zone.

Sean Ray Santellanes, Diego Melgar, Bruno Adriano, et al.

Published: 2025-08-05
Subjects: Geophysics and Seismology

Tsunami hazard severity — especially tsunami inundation depth — is related to the tsunami’s source mechanism. Traditionally, homogeneous earthquake rupture sources have been used as the source mechanism for tsunamis generated in the Cascadia Subduction Zone for re- gional hazard assessment. We show with 200 heterogeneous earthquake rupture sources how tsunami inundation hazards change for three [...]

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