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Preprints

Filtering by Subject: Geophysics and Seismology

Shear localization as a key control on mass-transport complexes seal integrity: insights from geophysical datasets

Zhenghao Han, Nan Wu, Jinfeng Ren, et al.

Published: 2025-07-24
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geology, Geophysics and Seismology, Sedimentology

Mass-transport complexes (MTCs), existing in all sedimentary basins worldwide, can serve as effective seals for hydrocarbons and carbon dioxide storage due to shear-induced overcompaction. However, localized seal failure is occasionally observed in specific part of the MTCs, leading to hydrocarbon and carbon dioxide leakage and posing potential threats to seabed stability. Due to the scarcity of [...]

Assessing uncertainty of source rock properties using Monte Carlo basin modeling – Application to Canning Basin, Australia

Jiayuan Huang, Tapan Mukerji

Published: 2025-07-23
Subjects: Applied Statistics, Earth Sciences, Engineering, Environmental Sciences, Geochemistry, Geology, Geophysics and Seismology, Oil, Gas, and Energy, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Risk Analysis, Statistics and Probability, Stratigraphy

This study presents a Monte Carlo basin modeling framework for quantifying uncertainty in source rock property predictions by integrating geological, geophysical, and geochemical inputs. The approach accounts for variability in petrological parameters from rock physics inversion, paleo-erosion magnitudes, organic facies properties, and boundary conditions to simulate source rock properties such [...]

Statistical rock physics inversion for assessing source rock properties from seismic signatures: an application to the Canning Basin, Australia

Jiayuan Huang, Allegra Hosford Scheirer, Tapan Mukerji

Published: 2025-07-15
Subjects: Applied Statistics, Earth Sciences, Geology, Geophysics and Seismology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Statistics and Probability

Quantifying petrophysical properties and potentials of source rocks is important for subsurface modeling and characterization. However, predicting these properties using seismic signatures and well-log information is a high-dimensional, nonlinear inverse problem, and is subject to uncertainty due to data ambiguities. In this study, a statistical rock physics inversion workflow is proposed to [...]

Deglaciation history and relative sea level changes since the Last Glacial Maximum in the southern Gulf of St. Lawrence, Canada

Irena Schulten, Vittorio Maselli, Edward L. King, et al.

Published: 2025-07-10
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geology, Geophysics and Seismology, Sedimentology, Stratigraphy

During the last glacial period, continents and surrounding shelves in high latitude regions of the Northern Hemisphere were covered by ice sheets. Their retreat during the late Pleistocene and Holocene resulted in isostatic adjustments of the previously glaciated landmass, which influenced post-glacial changes in relative sea level (RSL). Many questions, however, remain about the timing and [...]

Assessing the impact of automatically derived depth phases on the determination of earthquake hypocentres – application to the South America subduction zone

Alice Blackwell, Timothy J Craig, Sebastian Rost, et al.

Published: 2025-07-07
Subjects: Geophysics and Seismology

Accurate earthquake hypocentres are fundamental to a wide range of geophysical studies, yet source depth remains poorly constrained in teleseismic earthquake catalogues. Near source surface reflections such as pP, sP, and sS (known as depth phases) provide critical information for resolving hypocentral depth, particularly for intermediate-depth earthquakes. The number of depth phases reported by [...]

A quasi-real-time system for automatic local event monitoring in Germany

Catalina Ramos, Stefanie Donner, Klaus Stammler

Published: 2025-07-07
Subjects: Geophysics and Seismology

We present TieBeNN, a wrapper that integrates open-source, state-of-the-art seismic monitoring tools, including advanced machine learning--based approaches, to enhance the German Federal Seismological Survey’s (EdB) automatic real-time earthquake monitoring system. TieBeNN extends the existing workflow by adding automatic, probabilistic focal depth estimation using NonLinLoc and introduces a [...]

Generative geomodelling: Deep Learning vs. Geostatistics

Suihong Song, Jiayuan Huang, Tapan Mukerji

Published: 2025-06-20
Subjects: Geology, Geophysics and Seismology, Hydrology, Sedimentology, Stratigraphy

Generative geomodelling aims to simulate subsurface facies distributions while honoring multiple types of conditioning data and geological knowledge. This study selects three typical multiple-point statistics (MPS) approaches—Direct Sampling (DS), Quick Sampling (QS), and SNESIM—and two Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) workflows—post-GANs perturbation and GANSim—as representatives to compare [...]

Deformation, Strains and Velocities for the Alpine Himalayan Belt from trans-continental Sentinel-1 InSAR & GNSS

John Elliott, Jin Fang, Milan Lazecky, et al.

Published: 2025-06-19
Subjects: Geophysics and Seismology, Tectonics and Structure

Surface velocities and strain rates from satellite geodesy have become essential tools for understanding the distribution of tectonic deformation, faulting and seismic hazard. However, across large regions of distributed continental deformation, such as the Alpine-Himalayan Belt, data are only sparsely available. While previous studies have mainly used spatially sparse GNSS to measure deformation [...]

Local Seismicity: Matched Filter Detection Routine with Synthetic Templates using 1D velocity model

Eva Kaldy, Tomáš Fischer, Jana Doubravová

Published: 2025-06-19
Subjects: Geophysics and Seismology

This study evaluates the performance of Synthetic Template Matching for seismic event detection in the West Bohemia region (Czechia), comparing it with two established methods: the automated detector-locator PEPiN and an Artificial Neural Network. Synthetic templates are generated using a 1D velocity model and span a grid of five fundamental focal mechanisms (FMs), independent of any prior [...]

Curved fault slip captured by CCTV video during the 2025 Mw 7.7 Mandalay earthquake

Jesse Kearse, Yoshihiro Kaneko

Published: 2025-06-16
Subjects: Geophysics and Seismology

On-fault geological observations from surface breaking earthquakes typically contain curved slickenlines, suggesting fault slip is curved. However, slickenlines commonly record only a fraction of coseismic slip, making it difficult to reconstruct the full slip trajectory. Near-fault seismic records, though capable of capturing ground motions associated with rupture, are limited in their ability [...]

Hellenic Arc tsunami generation from Mw8+ 3D margin-wide dynamic rupture earthquake scenarios

Sara Aniko Wirp, Fabian Kutschera, Alice-Agnes Gabriel, et al.

Published: 2025-06-16
Subjects: Geophysics and Seismology

The Hellenic Arc subduction zone is the most seismically active region in the Mediterranean, capable of generating large earthquakes and tsunami. Given the proximity of densely populated coastlines, understanding the characteristics of potential future large tsunamigenic earthquakes is crucial for assessing tsunami hazard. We present non-linear shallow water tsunami simulations sourced from the [...]

A Method for the Prediction of Seismic Discontinuity Topography from Thermochemical Mantle Circulation Models

Gwynfor Thomas Morgan, J. Huw Davies, Robert Myhill, et al.

Published: 2025-06-12
Subjects: Geophysics and Seismology

We demonstrate a method for the prediction of seismic discontinuity topography from thermochemical Mantle Circulation Models (MCMs). We find the discontinuity depth by using the peak reflectivity at each location in our mid-mantle, taking account of compositional as well as thermal variations. We make some comparisons of our predicted topographies with those observed using SS-precursors, [...]

Archaean basalts record evidence of lithospheric extension prior to cratonisation

Marthe Klöcking, Karol Czarnota, Ian H. Campbell, et al.

Published: 2025-05-23
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geochemistry, Geology, Geophysics and Seismology

The dynamics of Earth’s early mantle remain enigmatic. A wide range of tectonic settings have been proposed for the Archaean eon prior to cratonisation, a time from which few samples are preserved in the geological record. Here, we reexamine this topic by estimating temperatures and depths of melt generation in the late Archaean mantle using a new geochemical data compilation of mafic igneous [...]

Solution of the Bloch Equation Based on Spectral Diagonalization and Matrix Exponential Integration: Modeling of SSFP for SNMR

Tingting Lin, Qingyue Wang, Chuandong Jiang, et al.

Published: 2025-05-09
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geophysics and Seismology, Hydrology, Soil Science

We present a spectral-diagonalization-based matrix exponential integration (SD-MEI) algorithm for efficient and stable solutions of fully coupled Bloch equations in surface nuclear magnetic resonance (SNMR). Conventional explicit numerical methods exhibit cumulative discretization errors and escalating computational costs due to step-size dependence and finite precision limitations. SD-MEI [...]

Theoretical background for full-waveform inversion with distributed acoustic sensing and integrated strain sensing

Sebastian Noe, Katinka Barbara Tuinstra, Sara Klaasen, et al.

Published: 2025-04-30
Subjects: Geophysics and Seismology

Full-waveform inversion (FWI) is a powerful imaging technique that produces high-resolution subsurface models. In seismology, FWI workflows are traditionally based on seismometer recordings. The development of fibre-optic sensing presents opportunities for harnessing information from new types of measurements. With dense spatial and temporal sampling, fibre-optic sensing captures the seismic [...]

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