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Preprints

Filtering by Subject: Life Sciences

Multidisciplinary Evaluation of the Pyramid-Shaped Formation near Visoko, Bosnia-Herzegovina: A Case for Anthropogenic Construction

Sam Osmanagich

Published: 2025-05-02
Subjects: Life Sciences

This study presents a multidisciplinary investigation of the pyramid-shaped formation known as the Bosnian Pyramid of the Sun (Visočica Hill) located in central Bosnia-Herzegovina. Integrating geodetic, geomorphological, geological, archaeological, electromagnetic, and geometrical data, the analysis examines whether the formation’s distinctive features can be fully explained by natural processes [...]

Biogenic origins and moon

Eva Nessenius

Published: 2025-05-02
Subjects: Life Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Astronomical discoveries of water abundance in protoplanetary disks are the basis of my hypothesis of a cool formation of the Earth by hydrous accretion in the habitable zone of the disk our solar system derived from, under different pressure conditions than in disks observed at present, chemical evolution in times of accretion, early beginning of prebiotic and biological life. I arrange some of [...]

Establishing Deep Time: Multi-Method Dating of Archaeological and Speleological Features in the Bosnian Valley of the Pyramids

Sam Osmanagich

Published: 2025-05-01
Subjects: Life Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Social and Behavioral Sciences

This study presents an integrated chronological framework for the Bosnian Valley of the Pyramids using multiple scientific dating techniques. Radiocarbon dating, uranium-thorium analysis, and soil pedogenesis studies were conducted on archaeological and speleological features including the Bosnian Pyramid of the Sun, the Pyramid of the Moon, and the Ravne tunnel networks. Results suggest [...]

Proactive Tundra Conservation Strategy for a Rapidly Changing Arctic

Simeon Lisovski, Ulrike Herzschuh, Ramona Julia Heim, et al.

Published: 2025-04-30
Subjects: Biodiversity, Life Sciences, Other Life Sciences

Warming induced forest expansion, permafrost thaw, and human activities are major drivers affecting the biodiversity and ecosystem functions of the Arctic tundra. While the pace of climate warming is fastest in the Arctic, some important stressors, like forest expansion, seem relatively slow. The slow response might provide the opportunity to safeguard Arctic biodiversity and ecosystem function [...]

Swiss data quality: augmenting CAMELS-CH with isotopes, water quality, agricultural and atmospheric chemistry data

Thiago V. M. do Nascimento, Marvin Höge, Ursula Schönenberger, et al.

Published: 2025-04-25
Subjects: Life Sciences

In the era of large-sample hydrology (LSH) datasets, there is still limited availability of water quality data. Here, we introduce CAMELS-CH-Chem, an extension of CAMELS-CH (Catchment Attributes and Meteorology for Large-sample Studies in Switzerland), incorporating up to 40 water quality parameters for 115 catchments across Switzerland. This new dataset spans the period 1981–2020 and allows for [...]

What the landscape can tell: An integrative stratigraphic prospection approach for localizing a Black Death mass grave in Erfurt/Central Germany

Michael Hein, Nik Usmar, Annabell Engel, et al.

Published: 2025-04-15
Subjects: Life Sciences

The Black Death pandemic (1346-53) has caused a 30-50% population decline across Europe. For the city of Erfurt in Thuringia, substantial human losses and corresponding mass graves are well-documented in historical archives. The aim of our study is to localize these mass graves in the deserted village of Neuses in order to validate the written sources and to obtain skeletal remains for future [...]

Unprecedented Social-Ecological Impacts of the 2023 Extreme Drought in the Central Amazon

Ayan Santos Fleischmann, Rafael Rabelo, Daniel Tregidgo, et al.

Published: 2025-03-21
Subjects: Life Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Social and Behavioral Sciences

While the 2023 record-breaking drought led to widespread social-ecological impacts across Amazonia, local impacts of such extreme events are rarely described in detail. Here we leverage a large interdisciplinary data collection related to social and ecological impacts in the Central Amazon. Compound hazards (reduced river water levels, lack of rainfall, high water/air temperatures, river erosion [...]

Paddy Segmentation Using Google Earth Engine: A Remote Sensing Approach Abstract

Prranith Prrranith

Published: 2025-03-20
Subjects: Education, Engineering, Life Sciences

Paddy field segmentation using remote sensing is crucial for agricultural monitoring, yield prediction, and resource allocation. In this research, we employ Google Earth Engine (GEE) for paddy segmentation using Sentinel-2 satellite imagery. Our method leverages Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Land Surface Water Index (LSWI) to mask paddy fields efficiently. We collected 2000 [...]

Multi-decadal analysis of major global risk assessments reveals consistent biases and low predictive capacity

Louis Delannoy, Mélis Busson, Peter Søgaard Jørgensen

Published: 2025-03-19
Subjects: Life Sciences, Social and Behavioral Sciences

The World Economic Forum (WEF) Global Risk Reports (GRRs) are published annually with the aim to uncover the most pressing challenges facing the world. However, the GRR have been criticized for presenting an overly simplistic and potentially biased portrayal of interconnected global risks and crises. Despite their influence, no in-depth, interannual analysis of the GRRs has been conducted to [...]

Collaborative Assessment of a Large-Scale Integrated Landscape Restoration Project in the Steep-Slope Regions of Central Africa

Francesco Piras, Giulio Castelli, Antonio Santoro, et al.

Published: 2025-03-14
Subjects: Engineering, Life Sciences

Landscape restoration projects are among the most extensive conservation actions at the global level that have been promoted in the last three decades. Such projects, however, cannot exclusively be based on the restoration of natural and semi-natural ecosystems, but should focus on a cultural landscape approach balancing environmental and socio-economic needs. One of the largest restoration [...]

Velocity of climate change and the vulnerability of mountain lake landscapes

Christine Ann Parisek, Jonathan A. Walter, Steven Sadro, et al.

Published: 2025-03-05
Subjects: Life Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Freshwater ecosystems in mountain landscapes are increasingly threatened by climate change. Accumulated heat in ecosystems can result in lethal short-term heat exposure, while the velocity of change governs severity and rates of long-term heat exposure. Here, we novelly integrate heat accumulation and velocity of change approaches to classify climate-vulnerable USA mountain lake watersheds. Our [...]

Holocene potential natural vegetation in Europe: evaluating the model spread with three dynamical vegetation models

Isabeau Aurore Bertrix, Hisashi Sato, Nicolas Viovy, et al.

Published: 2025-03-05
Subjects: Life Sciences

The period of the early Holocene in Europe is marked by climate warming as Earth comes out of the last glacial period and is followed by the emergence of agriculture and animal husbandry in the second half of the period. Increased human influence had profound impacts on the land surface, but the Holocene climate evolution also drove some changes that are intertwined with it. Deciphering the role [...]

Towards a global deep learning model for daily soil CO2 efflux

Valerie Diana Smykalov, Li Li, Rodrigo Vargas, et al.

Published: 2025-02-21
Subjects: Life Sciences

Soil CO2 efflux, the largest flux of CO2 to the atmosphere, is expected to rise globally under climate change. Its magnitude and temporal variability are highly uncertain, and daily-scale models capturing rapid changes to environmental drivers remain rare. We used a global database of soil CO2 efflux (total observations = 7,797,535 from 2002-2020) to train a deep learning model (Long Short-Term [...]

Senescence driven solubilization of biomass is the main source of kelp-derived dissolved organic carbon to the coastal ocean

Chance James English, Tom Bell, Keri Opalk, et al.

Published: 2025-02-21
Subjects: Life Sciences

Kelp forests form some of the most productive areas on earth and are proposed to sequester carbon in the ocean, largely in the form of released dissolved organic carbon (DOC). Here we investigate the role of environmental, seasonal and age-related physiological gradients on the partitioning of net primary production (NPP) into DOC by the canopy forming giant kelp (Macrocystis pyrifera). Rates of [...]

The Importance of Geospatial Technology in Monitoring Plant Health

Emmanuel Kalamji Lutema

Published: 2025-02-21
Subjects: Engineering, Life Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Solving the problems presented by climate change depends on geospatial technology in great measure. Through shifting pest and disease dynamics, increasing frequency of extreme weather events, and modifying growth circumstances, climate change aggravates problems with plant health. For example, remote sensing data and satellite-based climate models help one to forecast how variations in [...]

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