Preprints
Filtering by Subject: Life Sciences
Misalignments between national mangrove monitoring capacities and climate policy ambitions
Published: 2025-12-13
Subjects: Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Environmental Studies, Forest Sciences, Geography, Life Sciences, Social and Behavioral Sciences
Ambitious global targets for mangrove conservation have advanced rapidly in recent years, yet the implementation of these commitments depends largely on national monitoring systems and policy processes. Despite widespread reliance on country-reported data for setting and evaluating targets, little is known about how national mangrove statistics are generated or how they interact with climate [...]
Directional Centroid Trajectories Reveal Shifting Fire Activity Across Brazilian Biomes
Published: 2025-12-10
Subjects: Life Sciences
We utilized directional centroid trajectories to examine how Brazil’s fire regimes in natural vegetation and anthropogenic land use have spatially reorganized over the last four decades. Annual area-weighted centroids were derived separately for natural and anthropogenic burned patches from the MapBiomas Fire Collection 4 (1985–2024), and their interannual displacements were quantified using [...]
Temperate forest floors: Ecosystem hub in transition?
Published: 2025-12-04
Subjects: Forest Sciences, Life Sciences
The forest floor (FF) plays a key role in carbon, nutrient, and water cycling. It is the biologically most active compartment of forest soils, highly responsive to environmental conditions. Yet, its response on currently changing forests is understudied. Here we (1) compile existing knowledge on provision of ecosystem services by the FF, (2) evaluate its vulnerability to environmental change, and [...]
Latitudinal impacts of Hurricane Lorenzo on North Atlantic physics and biology
Published: 2025-12-04
Subjects: Life Sciences
Hurricane Lorenzo was the easternmost Category 5 Atlantic hurricane on record. The impact of this exceptional storm on North Atlantic sea surface temperature, mixed layer depth and chlorophyll-a concentrations is investigated in this study using high-resolution daily interpolated satellite, historical in-situ vertical profiles, and model-derived datasets. Results show that Lorenzo induced strong [...]
Long-term incubations reveal geochemical controls on wood biomass preservation at the anoxic sediment-water interface
Published: 2025-11-20
Subjects: Life Sciences
Ocean-based carbon dioxide removal (CDR) strategies increasingly consider biomass burial in anoxic marine basins as a pathway for long-term carbon storage. To evaluate its stability and environmental impact, we conducted 14-month bottle incubations testing three configurations of terrestrial wood under anoxic conditions: suspended in the water column, placed on the sediment surface, and buried [...]
Attention-Based Deep Learning for Runoff Forecasting: Evaluating the Temporal Fusion Transformer Against Traditional Machine Learning Models
Published: 2025-11-20
Subjects: Engineering, Life Sciences
Reliable runoff forecasting is critical for water management and flood preparedness in Nepal’s steep, data-scarce catchments. Traditional models such as SWAT provide process insights but demand extensive calibration and detailed inputs often unavailable in such regions. Recent advances in attentionbased deep learning offer new opportunities to capture temporal dependencies with improved [...]
Thermal Power and Climate Change: A Data-Driven Analysis of Cause and Effect, 1800-2100
Published: 2025-11-20
Subjects: Education, Engineering, Life Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Social and Behavioral Sciences
Since 2020, global politics have shifted sharply to the right—nowhere more visibly than in the United States and Europe. By 2024, this rightward turn in the U.S. culminated in open climate-change denial, the defunding of clean-energy initiatives, and a widespread rejection of scientific evidence. Major domestic and international institutions—NOAA, NASA, the U.S. Weather Bureau, EPA, USDA, FDA, [...]
Integrated Geophysical and Hydrochemical Assessment of Groundwater Salinization in the Western Nile Delta, Egypt
Published: 2025-11-14
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Life Sciences
A total of integrated geophysical and hydrochemical investigations were conducted to characterize groundwater salinization in the western Nile Delta, Egypt. Twenty-five time-domain electromagnetic (TDEM) soundings and 30 water samples (depths 5–167 m) were used together with borehole logs and temporal comparison to 2012 datasets. One-dimensional TDEM inversion and 3-D resistivity modeling [...]
Coastal Wetland Restoration and Greenhouse Gas Pathways: A Global Meta-Analysis
Published: 2025-11-14
Subjects: Biology, Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Environmental Microbiology and Microbial Ecology Life Sciences, Life Sciences, Marine Biology, Microbiology, Terrestrial and Aquatic Ecology
Coastal wetland restoration is widely promoted as a tool for climate change mitigation, but its effect on the carbon cycle is not well constrained. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of peer-reviewed field studies that directly contrasted restored with altered sites, covering carbon stocks and greenhouse gas fluxes across mangroves, saltmarshes, seagrass meadows, brackish systems, [...]
Developing an Open-access Telegram Bot for Automated, estimation and IA-based interpreted of OpenQuake Ground-Motion intensity measures
Published: 2025-11-13
Subjects: Education, Engineering, Life Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The prediction of Intensity Measures (IMs) using Ground-Motion Models (GMMs) is a fundamental component of seismic hazard assessment. However, the best estimation of IMs traditionally requires specialised searchers, programming expertise, and the manual sourcing of regression coefficients. This complexity creates a significant barrier to rapid, scenario-based analysis for engineers, researchers, [...]
Recent climate change reduced Spanish forests' carbon sink capacity
Published: 2025-11-13
Subjects: Artificial Intelligence and Robotics, Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Environmental Sciences, Forest Sciences, Life Sciences
Forests play a crucial role as carbon sinks and are central to climate mitigation strategies, yet their long-term reliability in this function is increasingly uncertain under climate change. Using deep learning techniques on a multi-source dataset—combining multi-spectral satellite data, airborne laser scanning, and ground-based measurements—we produced the most up-to-date high-resolution maps of [...]
Blue Nitrogen: Global Rates and Economic Importance
Published: 2025-10-26
Subjects: Environmental Studies, Life Sciences
Nitrogen pollution drives widespread coastal ecosystem collapse. In this paper, we argue that mangrove forests represent an undervalued natural mitigation solution for nitrogen pollution. By performing a comprehensive meta-analysis, we reveal that mangroves remove 870 Gg N annually, which represents an economic value reaching $8.7 billion via nitrogen credit-based valuation. This value is more [...]
Fallowed Heat Island: High surface temperature from fallowed agricultural lands increases nearby water demand and reduces crop yield.
Published: 2025-10-25
Subjects: Engineering, Life Sciences
Agricultural land fallowing is a practice of temporarily idling farmlands to maximize soil water storage, restore plant nutrients, and minimize soil erosion hazards. Despite the benefits of land fallowing, it remains unclear to what extent it affects nearby crop productivity. Here, we show that one such effect is through the fallowed heat island, a concept similar to urban heat island, whereby [...]
Rethinking livestock futures: Integrating climate impacts and genomic technologies into global food security models
Published: 2025-10-23
Subjects: Animal Sciences, Environmental Indicators and Impact Assessment, Environmental Sciences, Life Sciences, Other Life Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
With the projected increase in the global population and food demand on a planet in climate crisis, the debate about the role of livestock continues to intensify. Animals farmed for food are both a victim and a contributor of climate change (CC), with animals suffering from heat stress due to CC but also a major contributor to greenhouse gas emissions (GHG). Livestock studies have demonstrated [...]
Reframing natural organic matter research through compositional data analysis
Published: 2025-10-13
Subjects: Life Sciences
Compositional data (CoDa) are prevalent in environmental research. They represent parts of a whole, such as percentages, proportions, and relative or absolute abundance. They are arrays of positive data that convey relevant information in the ratios between their components. Standard statistical techniques developed for real random observations often yield spurious results and are therefore [...]