Preprints
Filtering by Subject: Hydrology
Climate driven hydrologic nonstationarity patterns across the Contiguous United States
Published: 2025-08-07
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Hydrology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
We calculated metrics of climate change, land use-land cover change, and hydrologic nonstationarity in 671 catchments across the Contiguous United States (CONUS) that are known not to have relatively little urbanization and anthropogenic land cover. Climate change is correlated with hydrologic nonstationarity in these basins. Land use-land cover change has no correlation with hydrologic [...]
Geomodelling of multi-scenario non-stationary reservoirs with enhanced GANSim
Published: 2025-08-05
Subjects: Artificial Intelligence and Robotics, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Earth Sciences, Engineering, Geology, Geophysics and Seismology, Hydrology, Mining Engineering, Natural Resources and Conservation, Natural Resources Management and Policy, Oil, Gas, and Energy, Sedimentology, Stratigraphy
Reservoir geomodelling is critical for groundwater management, CO₂ storage, geothermal exploitation, and hydrocarbon exploration, yet traditional geostatistical methods like multiple-point statistics (MPS) struggle with simulating complex geological patterns. GANSim, a Generative Adversarial Networks-based geomodelling method, has proven effective for single-scenario stationary reservoirs, but [...]
Regionally divergent drivers behind transgressions of the freshwater change planetary boundary
Published: 2025-07-31
Subjects: Hydrology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Human-driven freshwater change contributes to elevated Earth system risks. Here, we advance the understanding of drivers behind the transgression of the planetary boundary for freshwater change (PB-FW), based on historical (1901–2019) streamflow (blue water) and soil moisture (green water) simulations from a large ensemble of global hydrological models. Since the former estimate ending in 2005, [...]
A Spatial Analysis of the Groundwater Emergence Flood Hazard in Long Island, New York and near Coastal Areas Surrounding Long Island Sound in New York, Connecticut, and Rhode Island
Published: 2025-07-25
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Hydrology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Long Island, New York and near coastal areas surrounding Long Island Sound are densely populated and, like other coastal areas, are susceptible to flooding from several potential sources, including stormwater from precipitation events, tidal flooding and storm surge, and groundwater inundation or groundwater emergence flooding. The latter refers to the intersection of a rising water table with [...]
Simulated Soil Respiration is Sensitive to Soil Hydraulic Properties from Intact vs. Repacked Cores
Published: 2025-07-05
Subjects: Biogeochemistry, Hydrology, Soil Science
Soil hydraulic properties, such as water retention and hydrodynamics, play a pivotal role in regulating belowground carbon (C) storage by influencing microbial activity and nutrient availability. However, empirical measurements of these properties are labor-intensive and often fail to replicate field conditions in laboratory settings. Standardizing and increasing the throughput of hydraulic [...]
Hydro3DJS: A Modular Web-Based Library for Real-Time 3D Visualization of Watershed Dynamics and Digital Twin Integration
Published: 2025-07-03
Subjects: Graphics and Human Computer Interfaces, Hydrology
Effective visualization of hydrological data is critical for addressing challenges such as flood risk, water resources management, and climate adaptation. This study introduces Hydro3DJS, a modular, web-based 3D visualization library that integrates real-time environmental data with interactive digital twin capabilities. Developed using JavaScript, WebGL, and Google Maps API, the tool enables [...]
Assessing Climate and Watershed Controls on Rain-on-Snow Runoff Using XGBoost-SHAP Explainable AI (XAI)
Published: 2025-06-27
Subjects: Climate, Fresh Water Studies, Hydrology, Meteorology, Water Resource Management
Rain-on-snow (ROS) events significantly impact hydrological processes in snowy regions, yet their seasonal drivers remain poorly understood, particularly in low-elevation and low-gradient catchments. This study uses an XGBoost-SHAP explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) model to analyze meteorological and watershed controls on ROS runoff in the Great Lakes Basin. We used daily discharge, [...]
Food security beyond borders: how crop imports affect drought risk of conflict-affected countries
Published: 2025-06-25
Subjects: Agricultural Science, Agriculture, Climate, Environmental Studies, Hydrology, Meteorology, Natural Resources Management and Policy, Sustainability
Drought events can disrupt food security and increase the risk of violent conflicts. In an interconnected global food system, countries rely on both local food production and imports to meet domestic demand. When assessing the impact of drought risk on national food security, however, imported crops are often overlooked. This study incorporates international crop trade information to understand [...]
Using Physiography as a Lens to Understand Stream Network Expansion and Contraction Across Spatiotemporal Scales
Published: 2025-06-24
Subjects: Hydrology
Non-perennial streams (i.e., streams that cease flowing regularly across time or space) comprise 60% of the global river network and play an important role in the physical, chemical, and biological functions of downstream waters. However, predicting the dynamic spatiotemporal patterns of network expansion and contraction remains a key challenge across regulatory, practitioner, and research [...]
Generative geomodelling: Deep Learning vs. Geostatistics
Published: 2025-06-20
Subjects: Geology, Geophysics and Seismology, Hydrology, Sedimentology, Stratigraphy
Generative geomodelling aims to simulate subsurface facies distributions while honoring multiple types of conditioning data and geological knowledge. This study selects three typical multiple-point statistics (MPS) approaches—Direct Sampling (DS), Quick Sampling (QS), and SNESIM—and two Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) workflows—post-GANs perturbation and GANSim—as representatives to compare [...]
Lagged impacts of groundwater pumping on streamflow due to stream drying: Incorporation into analytical streamflow depletion estimation methods
Published: 2025-06-18
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Environmental Indicators and Impact Assessment, Environmental Sciences, Hydrology, Natural Resources and Conservation, Natural Resources Management and Policy, Sustainability, Water Resource Management
Water management often requires accounting for reductions in streamflow caused by groundwater pumping (‘streamflow depletion’). Since streamflow depletion cannot be quantified from observational data, it is typically modeled. Analytical depletion functions (ADFs) are a low-cost, low-complexity approach for estimating streamflow depletion with utility for decision support, but ADFs adopt several [...]
Operational Flood Forecasting System in Denmark – Integrating Groundwater and Surface-water
Published: 2025-06-17
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Hydrology
Most operational flood forecasting systems provide predictions of pluvial and fluvial floods, often neglecting groundwater flooding processes. Groundwater flooding occurs when natural drainage system cannot drain water away quick enough, causing the water table to rise above ground. This study presents an operational integrated flood forecasting system that combines surface water and groundwater [...]
Turbulent Snow Transport and Accumulation: New Reduced-Order Models and Diagnostics
Published: 2025-05-14
Subjects: Atmospheric Sciences, Dynamical Systems, Fluid Dynamics, Glaciology, Hydrology, Meteorology, Non-linear Dynamics
Understanding and modeling snow particle dynamics in the atmosphere remains a significant challenge for atmospheric scientists, hydrologists, and glaciologists. Temporally and spatially varying rates of snow transport, deposition, and erosion are driven by atmospheric turbulence and further complicated by inertial particle dynamics. Even with perfectly resolved wind fields, accurately predicting [...]
Solution of the Bloch Equation Based on Spectral Diagonalization and Matrix Exponential Integration: Modeling of SSFP for SNMR
Published: 2025-05-09
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geophysics and Seismology, Hydrology, Soil Science
We present a spectral-diagonalization-based matrix exponential integration (SD-MEI) algorithm for efficient and stable solutions of fully coupled Bloch equations in surface nuclear magnetic resonance (SNMR). Conventional explicit numerical methods exhibit cumulative discretization errors and escalating computational costs due to step-size dependence and finite precision limitations. SD-MEI [...]
Decision-making under uncertainty for shallow geothermal systems in complex subsurface settings: application to a low-transmissivity aquifer
Published: 2025-05-07
Subjects: Geology, Hydrology, Natural Resources and Conservation, Sustainability
Excess thermal energy can be stored in the subsurface and recovered when needed to heat and cool buildings sustainably. Aquifer thermal energy storage systems (ATES) are gaining popularity worldwide. Most operational systems are located in thick productive aquifers. Their efficiency and wide applicability have been proven and there is now a tendency to explore more complex settings. Aquifers with [...]