Preprints
Filtering by Subject: Environmental Studies
Governing Generative AI in Disaster Risk Management
Published: 2026-02-26
Subjects: Environmental Studies, Risk Analysis
The increasing frequency and severity of climate-related disasters, as well as scarcity of resources to counter them, highlight the urgent need for advanced tools in assessing and managing natural hazards. Recent developments in generative artificial intelligence offer new avenues to enhance disaster risk management. Among these advancements, large language models (LLMs) hold potential for [...]
Climate Change and Adaptive Strategies for Community Resilience: Insights from the Kamala River Basin, Nepal
Published: 2026-02-25
Subjects: Environmental Studies
Climate change poses an escalating threat to riverine communities worldwide, with flooding remaining the most pervasive and disruptive hazard across Nepal’s river basins. Despite the growing body of climate adaptation research, empirically grounded evidence on how local understanding of climate change shape adaptive practices and community resilience across heterogeneous socio-ecological and [...]
Novel methods in corporate ESG education: A case study in Singapore
Published: 2026-02-25
Subjects: Environmental Studies
The increasing importance of Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) in corporate strategy necessitates effective educational tools that can bridge the current ESG literacy gap. Yet the effectiveness of play-based ESG education activities remains. This study examines the effectiveness of play-based learning in ESG corporate education by comparing an environment-themed escape room with a [...]
Implementing the Biodiversity Beyond National Jurisdiction (BBNJ) Agreement in a State Centric System: The Role of AI in Data Readiness, Corporate Traceability, and EIA Consistency in Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction (ABNJ)
Published: 2026-02-16
Subjects: Environmental Studies, Nature and Society Relations
Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction (ABNJ) cover most of the ocean but remain governed through fragmented regimes and uneven scientific capacity. The Biodiversity Beyond National Jurisdiction (BBNJ) Agreement aims to strengthen marine biodiversity conservation in these waters through marine protected areas and other area-based management tools, environmental impact assessment (EIA), marine genetic [...]
Mangrove Forest loss and Future Risk Analysis for Southeast Asia using Satellite-derived data and Machine learning
Published: 2026-02-05
Subjects: Environmental Studies
Mangrove forests are a critical part of our ecosystem, which works continuously to fight the carbon footprint, coastal erosion and provides support for biodiversity. However, these forests are encountering notable loss across tropical areas. To save these diverse ecosystem it is important to identify the mangrove loss factors and future risk zones. In this study, I have worked on a multi-country [...]
The debt burden of tropical cyclones and climate change
Published: 2026-01-30
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Environmental Studies, Natural Resource Economics, Sustainability
Addressing climate change, through both mitigation and adaptation, is anticipated to require global investments of more than $6 trillion annually by 2035. However, many countries face significant barriers to accessing the finance needed for these investments, due to low or absent credit ratings, large debt burdens, and high borrowing costs. There is concern that climate change, through its [...]
Stadiums as climate-exposed socio-technical infrastructures: a scoping review of fragmented risks and emerging challenges
Published: 2026-01-27
Subjects: Civil and Environmental Engineering, Environmental Public Health, Environmental Studies
Stadiums are among the most climate-sensitive infrastructures in global sport, yet the evidence available to characterise their climate-related risks remains fragmented. Although billions of spectators attend sporting events each year and climate change is recognised as a multiplier of existing hazards, research on stadium environments continues to treat risks separately. Heat is examined through [...]
A Benchmark Dataset of Agricultural Weather Stations over the Contiguous United States for Evapotranspiration Applications
Published: 2026-01-18
Subjects: Environmental Monitoring, Environmental Studies, Geographic Information Sciences, Hydrology, Water Resource Management
Agricultural weather data are fundamental for the accurate estimate of evapotranspiration (ET), irrigation scheduling, and water-use accounting. In particular, reference ET provides a standardized atmospheric demand for water loss from a hypothetical well-watered grass (ETo) or alfalfa (ETr); however, weather stations may not adequately represent such climatic conditions. Weather data commonly [...]
Study on Land-use Change (LUC)-induced carbon emissions
Published: 2026-01-10
Subjects: Atmospheric Sciences, Climate, Environmental Studies
Land-use change (LUC)-induced carbon emissions (ELUC, defined as net carbon emissions and removals) have accounted for approximately one-third of global anthropogenic carbon emissions since industrialization. While its contribution has declined in recent decades, ELUC still represents a significant component of the global carbon budget, comprising 11% of anthropogenic emissions during 2012–2022. [...]
Global Environmental Benefits of Plant-Based Diets: A Multi-Regional Input Output Analysis
Published: 2026-01-04
Subjects: Biodiversity, Environmental Studies, Life Sciences, Other Food Science, Pharmacology, Toxicology and Environmental Health, Sustainability
The global food system, especially animal husbandry, is a major driver of negative environmental impacts. This paper investigates the potential of adopting more plant-based diets (vegan, vegetarian, no beef) to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, land use and related biodiversity loss, and water stress within global food supply chains. This is achieved by combining Multi-regional Input Output [...]
Assessing Climate-Driven Flood Risk with the Community Resilience and Adaptation Spatial Infrastructure Database (CRASID) in Urban and Rural Great Lakes Settings
Published: 2026-01-01
Subjects: Environmental Studies
Climate change is intensifying flooding in the Great Lakes watershed, threatening critical infrastructure and limiting access to emergency health services. Existing U.S. flood risk tools, such as FEMA’s Hazus and the National Risk Index, and newer models from the First Street Foundation, provide valuable coverage but often emphasize economic impacts while overlooking community-level [...]
Misalignments between national mangrove monitoring capacities and climate policy ambitions
Published: 2025-12-14
Subjects: Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Environmental Studies, Forest Sciences, Geography, Life Sciences, Social and Behavioral Sciences
Ambitious global targets for mangrove conservation have advanced rapidly in recent years, yet the implementation of these commitments depends largely on national monitoring systems and policy processes. Despite widespread reliance on country-reported data for setting and evaluating targets, little is known about how national mangrove statistics are generated or how they interact with climate [...]
Dynamic estuarine Chlorophyll-a estimation-based time series harmonized Landsat- Sentinel images
Published: 2025-12-12
Subjects: Environmental Studies
This research develops a vigorous approach to estimate Chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) concentration in the dynamic, optically complex waters (or Case 2 water including coastal waters, estuaries and inland water bodies) of Ganh Rai Bay, Vietnam by leveraging time series harmonized Landsat and Sentinel-2 (TM-HLS) imagery. One of the fundamental challenges while conducting this method to compute Chl-a signal [...]
China’s Water Renaissance: Conflict Resolution, Environmental Reform, and the Clean-Energy Transition in Contemporary China (2020–2025)
Published: 2025-12-06
Subjects: Environmental Studies
Between 2020 and 2025, China accelerated a sweeping transformation of its water governance, environmental law, and clean-energy infrastructure. Anchored in the doctrine of ecological civilization, the country strengthened basin-scale legislation—including the landmark Yangtze River Protection Law—restored degraded river systems, expanded monitoring networks, and advanced nature-based solutions. [...]
Spatiotemporal connections in high precipitation events in Iran: Application of complex networks
Published: 2025-11-29
Subjects: Environmental Education, Environmental Engineering, Environmental Studies, Hydraulic Engineering, Hydrology, Other Civil and Environmental Engineering, Remote Sensing, Spatial Science, Water Resource Management
Study region A relatively large area covering east and west Asia, north Africa, and Europe. Study focus This study examines the complex correlation patterns of high precipitation events in Iran and the rest of the study region. For this purpose, the Complex Networks Theory is used to find the links between high precipitation events in Iran and the rest of the study area with different time lags. [...]