Preprints
Search for earthquake (620 results)
Dynamic Leveling of the Kanto Basin, Japan: A Unified Model Linking the Kanto Fragment and Mw 8 Deep Earthquakes
Published: 2026-08-03
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The Kanto Basin in central Japan has preserved an anomalously flat surface for more than one million years, defying the intense compressional tectonic regime of the Japanese island arc. Conventional static sedimentation and sea‑level fluctuation models cannot adequately explain this long‑term planar stability. This study proposes a dynamic leveling mechanism driven by two interacting deep [...]
A Deep Learning-based Workflow for the Automated Focal Mechanism Determination in Italy
Published: 2026-08-01
Subjects: Earth Sciences
The determination of earthquake focal mechanisms is crucial for understanding tectonic processes and assessing seismic hazard. While traditional methods based on manual polarity picking have proven effective, they are time-consuming and potentially subject to analyst’s bias, particularly for small to moderate earthquakes. This study presents a machine learning-based approach for automating focal [...]
Revisiting Snoke’s (1987) Spectral Expressions: Coefficient Correction and Its Implications for Dynamic Insights
Published: 2026-07-29
Subjects: Geophysics and Seismology
Source parameters such as seismic moment, corner frequency, stress drop, radiated energy, and apparent stress are often derived from the Brune (1970) source spectrum. Building on this, Andrews (1986) formulated analytical relations that link those parameters to spectral integrals of squared velocity and displacement, and Snoke (1987) introduced an approximation that enables their practical [...]
Microseismic Detection in Borehole DAS as a Spatial Localization Problem: Cross-System Validation at the 2024 Utah FORGE Stimulation
Published: 2026-07-25
Subjects: Geophysics and Seismology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) turns borehole fibers into dense seismic arrays, but converting terabytes of continuous strain-rate data into reliable real-time detections remains a bottleneck for induced-seismicity monitoring. We argue that the limiting question for DAS microseismic monitoring has been posed incorrectly. Existing detectors ask whether an event is present in a record; on a [...]
PSI monitoring of fault zones at the Starobin potash deposit based on Sentinel-1 data
Published: 2026-07-24
Subjects: Engineering
The Starobin potash salt deposit has been mined for over forty years with annual extraction measured in millions of tons. In the vicinity of tectonic fault junction zones, this creates a risk of local technogenic earthquakes caused by fault activation. Local geodetic monitoring within mining allotments is of limited utility for assessing large-scale tectonic deformations, since intense local [...]
Multi-scale constraints resolve the 2025 Kamchatka megathrust rupture in a 3D heterogeneous Earth
Published: 2026-07-21
Subjects: Earth Sciences
Great megathrust earthquakes produce deformation over a wide range of spatial scales, yet how near‑trench, near‑field, and far‑field static displacements collectively constrain the same rupture remains poorly understood. Here we analyze the 29 July 2025 Mw 8.8 Kamchatka earthquake using spatially multi-scale observations: tsunami-derived initial uplift models for near-trench offshore deformation, [...]
Deep Neural Network-Based Inversion of Turbidites in Confined Basins
Published: 2026-07-11
Subjects: Artificial Intelligence and Robotics, Fluid Dynamics, Geology, Sedimentology
Turbidites generated by large earthquakes and other geological events are commonly preserved in small, topographically confined basins along active continental margins. Reconstructing flow conditions from these deposits is essential for assessing past hazards; however, existing inverse models have been validated only for unconfined settings, and their applicability to confined basins remains [...]
Inferring the sub-surface connectivity and structural maturity of the Roccapreturo normal fault system, Central Apeninnes, Italy, using high-resolution structural mapping
Published: 2026-07-10
Subjects: Earth Sciences
Constraining how active faults link together in the sub-surface and understanding how fault geometry and structural maturity affect earthquake propagation are key tools for understanding earthquake behaviour and seismic hazard. We use the Roccapreturo fault system, from the Central Apennines, Italy, which has three closely spaced normal faults mapped at the surface as a case study to explore [...]
Machine learning versus ETAS for earthquake forecasting in the Sea of Marmara: a leakage-audited negative result and a closed-form scoring artifact
Published: 2026-07-06
Subjects: Geophysics and Seismology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
We ask whether machine learning adds 30-day earthquake-forecasting value beyond modern ETAS in the Sea of Marmara, a locked seismic gap beneath Istanbul, once leakage and scoring artifacts are controlled. On a homogenized KOERI catalog, feature causality is machine-checkable, and comparisons follow a pre-specified rule: paired block-bootstrap intervals on likelihood and ranking must agree. The [...]
Model Construction and Retrospective Validation of Large Earthquake Prediction
Published: 2026-06-26
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Based on the hypothesis that gravity-driven crustal displacement generates earthquakes and facilitates crustal material migration, and following the general law that the velocity of generalized flow in a steady-state system is proportional to the driving force and inversely proportional to the system’s internal resistance, a relationship between the frequency of large earthquakes and crustal [...]
Earthquakes Source Scaling at Subfault Scales
Published: 2026-06-23
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geophysics and Seismology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Establishing scaling laws for large earthquakes remains challenging due to the heterogeneity of methodologies and datasets used to produce finite-fault models. In this study, we analyze source properties for 264 earthquakes using the NEIC finite-fault database, expanding previous efforts by examining rupture behavior over a broader magnitude range and capturing both established scaling trends and [...]
Tectonic pump closes the evolutionary loop for long-buried subseafloor microbes
Published: 2026-06-22
Subjects: Biogeochemistry, Geophysics and Seismology, Hydrology, Tectonics and Structure
Deep marine sediments host one of Earth’s largest microbial biospheres, yet most cells in this environment persist in a non-growing state for thousands to millions of years beneath kilometers of sediment. For natural selection to favor such extraordinary long-term survival, a mechanism must exist that is capable of returning buried living populations to near-surface environments, where [...]
Stress triggering in a rain-induced earthquake swarm in the Palghar region, western India
Published: 2026-06-20
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Rain-triggered seismicity has been reported only in a few regions globally and is typically short-lived. However, an earthquake swarm, inferred to be rain-induced in previous studies, persisted with intense activity for over two years in Palghar, western India. Between January 2019 and November 2020, ~8,300 well-located earthquakes with horizontal and depth uncertainties ≤ 1.5 km were recorded at [...]
Socio-Demographic Predictors of Earthquake Preparedness Among University Students: Evidence from a Public University in Bangladesh
Published: 2026-06-20
Subjects: Geography
Bangladesh is exceptionally prone to recurring hydrological and meteorological disasters, which have traditionally dominated the national policy and disaster management discourse. Consequently, seismic risk remains heavily underemphasized, leaving major urban centers like Dhaka highly vulnerable to catastrophic human and structural losses from potential earthquakes. While structural mitigation [...]
Linking double seismic zones to oceanic lithosphere rheological layering: the role of mid-lithospheric discontinuities
Published: 2026-06-18
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geology, Geophysics and Seismology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The origin of the ubiquitous lower seismic layer (LSL) in double seismic zones (DSZs) within subducting oceanic lithosphere remains one of the most persistent unresolved problems in subduction-zone seismicity. Analysis of recent geophysical observations reveals a close spatial association between the LSL and the oceanic mid-lithospheric discontinuity (MLD), a feature attributed to the [...]