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A Static Enthalpy Equilibrium Approach to the Stability of Saturated Sands

A Static Enthalpy Equilibrium Approach to the Stability of Saturated Sands

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Authors

Manfred Heinrich Wittig

Abstract

This study introduces a static enthalpy equilibrium as a general physical condition defining stability of saturated sand. The formulation expresses equilibrium as the equality between the structural enthalpy released by the granular framework and the hydraulic work capacity of the pore water. The formulation is general and applies without restriction to all saturated sands, providing a physical criterion that unifies stability and liquefaction within a single energetic framework.

DOI

https://doi.org/10.31223/X5NF3X

Subjects

Civil and Environmental Engineering, Civil Engineering, Construction Engineering and Management, Earth Sciences, Engineering, Environmental Engineering, Geotechnical Engineering, Hydraulic Engineering, Mineral Physics, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Sedimentology

Keywords

saturated sands, enthalpy equilibrium, structural collapse, energetic stability, soil liquefaction, granular physics, thermodynamic soil mmechanics, spontaneous liquefaction, initial liquefaction

Dates

Published: 2025-10-25 21:43

Last Updated: 2025-10-25 21:43

License

CC BY Attribution 4.0 International

Additional Metadata

Conflict of interest statement:
The author declares that there is no conflict of interest.

Data Availability (Reason not available):
No datasets were generated or analyzed in the course of this study. All relevant information is contained within the article.