MiniSat: Prototype for Geological and Environmental Monitoring Using Low-Cost Embedded Systems with RF Communication

Dr. Lalita Wani, Krushna Manoj Hikare, Adesh Nanasaheb Nagare, Tejal Shankar Naikare

This review paper presents a concise analysis of Minisat-based geological monitoring systems that combine low-cost embedded platforms with RF communication technologies. It highlights recent advances in miniaturized satellites and compact sensor nodes that enable affordable, continuous environmental monitoring. The paper reviews key components including embedded electronics, sensor integration, low-power microcontrollers, and RF modules while evaluating their suitability for long-term geological data collection. It also discusses major challenges such as power constraints, link reliability, environmental durability, and data accuracy. By comparing existing approaches and identifying research gaps, this review outlines future opportunities for developing more efficient and reliable Minisat prototypes for geological monitoring.