This is a Preprint and has not been peer reviewed. The published version of this Preprint is available: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19678441. This is version 4 of this Preprint.
The Geological Pathway Diversity Model (GPDM): A Unified Classification and Predictive Framework for Anomalous Luminous Phenomena
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Authors
John Carter 
Abstract
Atmospheric plasma phenomena — persistent luminous orbs, recurrent earth lights, and earthquake lights observed at geographically distributed sites worldwide — share a common mechanism family rooted in stress-activated electronic charge carrier physics. The Geological Pathway Diversity Model (GPDM) formally classifies six geological activation pathways. Version 2.4 introduces four new Variable 3 and Variable 4 modifiers supported by peer-reviewed research: natural gas seepage as an atmospheric chemistry modifier, pressure accumulator, and Pathway 5 radon carrier; trees as active bioelectric generators modifying the local atmospheric electric field and lowering corona discharge thresholds at forested sites; mycorrhizal networks as documented biological circuit extension with memristor, capacitor, and sensor properties propagating signals in the 100 Hz to 10,000 Hz range; and a formal biological-geological circuit proposal connecting crustal discharge zones through underground water, mycorrhizal networks, and tree bioelectricity to atmospheric plasma formation. Underground confined aquifer water is clarified as the primary Pathway 6 mechanism. Lunar and planetary tidal stress formally extended as a Variable 1 modulator with tidal calendar software integration proposed. Eight primary field sites. Four-variable state equation. Dual falsifiable lead-time prediction. 35+ peer-reviewed citations. Also posted to Zenodo: DOI 10.5281/zenodo.19678441.
DOI
https://doi.org/10.31223/X5J47D
Subjects
Atmospheric Sciences, Geology, Geophysics and Seismology, Other Physics, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Tectonics and Structure
Keywords
earth lights, earthquake lights, p-hole charge carriers, Freund mechanism, geological plasma discharge, Hessdalen, Brown Mountain, telluric currents, Schumann resonance, anomalous luminous phenomena, UAP, spook lights, earth lights classification, plasma discharge prediction
Dates
Published: 2026-04-16 15:10
Last Updated: 2026-04-22 15:23
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License
CC BY Attribution 4.0 International
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Conflict of interest statement:
The author declares no conflicts of interest. This research received no external funding and was conducted independently without institutional affiliation or commercial interest.
Data Availability:
All geological data cited in this framework is drawn from publicly available peer-reviewed sources and open-access government databases including USGS, NCGS, Colombian Geological Survey (SGC), NOAA, NASA, and ECMWF. No new primary data was collected for this study. The global site registry and classification system are original analytical outputs of this research. The full master framework document is available from the corresponding author upon request
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