TiMEpy: A Python Package for Analyzing Tidal Modulation of Fast and Slow Earthquakes

TiMEpy: A Python Package for Analyzing Tidal Modulation of Fast and Slow Earthquakes

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Authors

Weifan Lu 

Abstract

Tidal stresses provide a natural perturbation for investigating earthquake nucleation and fault properties. We present TiMEpy, an open-source Python package for analyzing tidal modulation of ordinary earthquakes and slow earthquakes. The package integrates catalog selection and optional declustering, conversion of tidal strain to resolved fault stress, and analyses of earthquake occurrence as a function of tidal phase and stress level. It estimates the preferred phase, phase modulation amplitude, and stress sensitivity within a reproducible workflow that supports temporal and spatial analyses. Applications to the pre-2019 Ridgecrest earthquake catalog and tectonic tremor in Taiwan illustrate the workflow. Sensitivity tests examine the effects of selected sliding-window and spatial-selection parameters in the Ridgecrest application. These examples demonstrate the package's use while highlighting the importance of catalog completeness, temporal clustering, and model assumptions when interpreting tidal modulation.

DOI

https://doi.org/10.31223/X5P77P

Subjects

Earth Sciences, Geophysics and Seismology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Keywords

Seismicity, Tidal Modulation, Geophysics, Earthquake Physics, Earthquake Catalog, Seismology

Dates

Published: 2026-05-08 19:25

Last Updated: 2026-10-21 12:33

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License

CC BY Attribution 4.0 International

Additional Metadata

Conflict of interest statement:
No

Data Availability:
The software described in this study is documented and publicly available in the repository at https://github.com/Weifan-Lu/TiMEpy. The TidalStrain.2 can be accessed at https://www.mri-jma.go.jp/Dep/sei/fhirose/research/en.TidalStrain.html. The Ridgecrest earthquake catalog is available on the Zenodo platform at https://zenodo.org/records/8393318. The 2012-2022 tectonic tremor catalog is available at http://www-solid.eps.s.u-tokyo.ac.jp/~sloweq/?page=map.

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