GEOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF STREAM SEDIMENTS IN PART OF GIDA KWANO CAMPUS, FUT, MINNA (ZUNGERU SHEET 163SE)

Reginald Osinachi Nwabochi

This geochemical study analyzes ten stream sediment samples from the Gidan Kwano area in Minna (Zungeru Sheet 163SE), located in North-Central Nigeria, to evaluate the region's geological history, mineral potential, and environmental characteristics. Geological mapping identified three distinct rock units: granite, granitoid, and diorite. Using X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis, the study determined the distribution and abundance of major oxides and trace elements to establish an exploration baseline. Statistical evaluations of average elemental concentrations revealed distinct patterns of enrichment and depletion. Notably, the area shows significant enrichment in trace elements, including cobalt (148.5 ppm), cadmium (7.8 ppm), molybdenum (6.8 ppm), tungsten (5 ppm), and gold (0.08 ppm). These elevated concentrations indicate strong potential for localized mineralization, making the region a promising site for further investigation and artisanal-scale mineral exploration. In terms of major oxides, the sediment composition is dominated by high levels of silica (SiO2) and iron oxide (Fe2O3), reflecting a highly siliceous and iron-rich provenance. Conversely, low concentrations of calcium oxide (CaO), magnesium oxide (MgO), titanium oxide (TiO2), and alumina (Al2O3) indicate minimal input from carbonate or feldspar-rich source rocks. Furthermore, elevated levels of phosphorus pentoxide (P2O5) and sulfur trioxide (SO3) suggest either localized mineralization or anthropogenic influences. Ultimately, the geochemical data demonstrate that these stream sediments are shaped by a combination of natural weathering and economic mineralization, providing critical insights into trace element mobility for future exploration.