Ziang Jung 

Kerogen, a naturally occurring organic material, is vital in petroleum geology and the formation of hydrocarbon reserves. This review provides an overview of its composition, classification, structural characteristics, thermal behavior, and applications. It explores advancements in analytical techniques and computational modeling, shedding light on kerogen's nature. Additionally, the review discusses its environmental implications, including carbon sequestration and renewable energy potential. Kerogen, derived from ancient marine and terrestrial organisms, is classified based on elemental composition, functional groups, and thermal maturity. Spectroscopy and microscopy techniques reveal its structural characteristics, crucial for understanding its behavior during thermal processing and hydrocarbon generation. The thermal behavior of kerogen is pivotal in organic matter conversion into hydrocarbons.

Through thermal analysis and pyrolysis experiments, decomposition patterns, kinetics, and reaction pathways have been investigated. This knowledge aids in predicting hydrocarbon generation and estimating resource potential. Analytical techniques and computational modeling, such as nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and molecular dynamics simulations, offer insights into kerogen. It also holds promise for carbon sequestration and renewable energy. Research focuses on converting kerogen into biofuels and other valuable products. This review consolidates knowledge on kerogen, serving as a resource for researchers. It summarizes properties, structure, behavior, and applications, stimulating further research in petroleum geology, energy exploration, and environmental science.