Sara Ghalandari

urban pluvial flooding is a dangerous natural hazard that has become more common in recent years, making it a global threat to metropolitan areas. Surface water floods and flash floods are two common types of pluvial flooding that the second one is extremely hazardous and damaging due to both the power of the water and the debris that is frequently swept up in the flow. Buildings and their contents are damaged by pluvial floods, which also disrupts stormwater drainage, transportation, and electrical supply. Future flood risks are anticipated to rise because of urbanization, climate change, and global warming. Many essential features of urban flood hazards are still poorly understood due to the complex nature of the relevant processes and the paucity of long-term field observations. Therefore, in this paper we have collected different sources of data which are used for flood forecasting. Satellite data, gauge measurements, and citizen observations are the most important source of precipitation and flood data. conducting a global case study review also showed that Digital elevation model (DEM) and rainfall are the most crucial variables when it comes to floods, and they are nearly universally employed in all models. The discussion suggests that soil moisture conditions is likely to be the predominant mechanism causing the observed flood trends