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Abstract
We develop a novel single-column model of clear-sky radiative-advective
equilibrium where advective heating is internally determined by relaxing the column
temperature and humidity toward fixed midlatitude profiles, consistent with an
air-mass transformation perspective. The model reproduces observed polar temperature
and advective heating rate profiles, and also captures many of the climate-change
responses found in climate models. Exploring the model's physics, we show that the
surface-based temperature inversion develops by ceding energy downwards to the
surface, which then radiates this energy to space; we name this the ``surface radiator
fin'' effect. We use the model to address three outstanding questions regarding polar
climate change: (i) What mechanisms control polar lapse-rate change? (ii) What
determines the known compensation between changes in dry and moist energy transport?
and (iii) What is the most physically consistent way to decompose forcing and
feedbacks at the poles? Within the model, the answers to these questions are: (i)
Three mechanisms control the lapse-rate response to warming: weakening of the surface
radiator fin, increased radiative cooling by free-tropospheric water vapor emission,
and relaxation toward the external profile anomaly; all three increase the lapse rate
as climate warms. (ii) Compensation between dry and moist advective heating results
from a delicate balance between changes in the boundary layer and the free
troposphere, with no constraints imposing precise compensation. (iii) Remote advective
influence on the poles should be considered a forcing, while lapse-rate and advective
heating changes jointly contribute to the temperature feedback.
DOI
https://doi.org/10.31223/X5F69X
Subjects
Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Keywords
Dates
Published: 2024-01-12 07:52
Last Updated: 2024-10-16 20:20
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