Fidel Serrano-Candela, Francisco Estrada , Graciela Raga, Constantino González Salazar

The 28th Conference of the Parties (COP28) included the first Global Stocktake (GST) as part of the implementation of the Paris Agreement. GST is a five-yearly assessment of the state and advancements in global climate action and aims to help national governments keep track of their climate ambitions and implementation progress. This paper contributes to the discussion through the analysis of harmonized country level datasets of metrics and indicators relevant for loss and damage analysis, survey information about people’s perceptions on climate change, projections of economic damages due to climate change. Indices are constructed to understand the association of the objective metrics of risk and vulnerability and the subjective perceptions of people in different countries. The analysis allows us to evaluate differences in vulnerability and countries where the dissonance between perceived and estimated climate change risks are larger and institutional strength and socioeconomic development are lagging. Combining the proposed indices, countries are ranked in terms of their current and future climate risk. An online tool is provided to visualize and access the results presented in this paper.