Considering the role of adaptive evolution in models of the ocean and climate system

This is a Preprint and has not been peer reviewed. The published version of this Preprint is available: https://doi.org/10.1029/2018MS001452. This is version 4 of this Preprint.

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Authors

Ben Ward, Sinead Collins, Stephanie Dutkiewicz, Samantha Gibbs, Paul Bown, Andy Ridgwell, Boris Sauterey, Jamie Wilson, Andreas Oschlies

Abstract

Numerical models have been highly successful in simulating global carbon and nutrient cycles in today’s ocean, together with observed spatial and temporal patterns of chlorophyll and plankton biomass at the surface. With this success has come some confidence in projecting the century-scale response to continuing anthropogenic warming. There is also increasing interest in using such models to understand the role of plankton ecosystems in past oceans. However, today’s marine environment is the product of billions of years of continual evolution – a process that continues today. In this paper, we address the questions of whether an assumption of species invariance is sufficient, and if not, under what circumstances current model projections might break down. To do this, we first identify the key time-scales and questions asked of models. We then review how current marine ecosystem models work and what alternative approaches are available to account for evolution. We argue that for timescales of climate change overlapping with evolutionary timescales, accounting for evolution may to lead to very different projected outcomes regarding the timescales of ecosystem response and associated global biogeochemical cycling. This is particularly the case for past extinction events, but may also be true in the future, depending on the eventual degree of anthropogenic disruption. The discipline of building new numerical models that incorporate evolution is also hugely beneficial in itself, as it forces us to question what we know about adaptive evolution, irrespective of its quantitative role in any specific event or environmental changes.

DOI

https://doi.org/10.31223/osf.io/srdh3

Subjects

Earth Sciences, Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Life Sciences, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Keywords

ocean, Earth System, Ecosystem, evolution, feedbacks, plankton

Dates

Published: 2019-08-29 08:55

Last Updated: 2019-10-01 01:44

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License

GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL) 2.1