Kebiao Mao, Yuqi Liang, Zijin Yuan, Yangyang Liu, Xuehong Sun, Mengmeng Cao, Sayed M. Bateni, Timothy Dube, Timothy Dube

Traditional climate change research has primarily focused on internal factors of Earth, particularly the impact of human activities on greenhouse gas emissions. This paper proposes the "Mao's Theory of Global Climate and Ecosystem Change Based on Planetary Orbital Variations", which suggests that changes in Earth's climate and ecosystems are primarily driven by the orbital variations of external celestial bodies. Earth's revolution around the Sun and its rotation determine seasonal transitions and day-night alternations, while climate evolution on other timescales is closely linked to changes in planetary orbital positions. The change in the planetary orbit position directly affects the Earth's temperature and atmospheric water vapor distribution, thereby governing the spatiotemporal evolution of ecosystems. The study finds that spatiotemporal variations in water vapor and temperature play a key role in global vegetation distribution and have a regulatory function on the greenhouse effect, partially offsetting the warming effects of carbon dioxide and demonstrating Earth's self-regulation capacity in response to temperature changes. Further analysis suggests that phenomena such as geomagnetic reversals, plate tectonics, and earthquakes are also related to the orbital variations of the Sun and other celestial bodies, with the emergence of life and biological evolution being active adaptations to orbital evolution and the Earth's internal spheres. Therefore, this theory offers new perspectives and methodologies for studying climate change and the spatiotemporal evolution of ecosystems, expanding new directions for climate prediction, disaster early warning, and species evolution research, and holds significant implications for future studies of climate and ecosystems.