Sebastian Tappe , Charles D. Beard, Anouk M. Borst, Emma R. Humphreys-Williams, Benjamin F. Walter, Gregory M. Yaxley

This Chapter provides an overview of the nature and origin of kimberlites, carbonatites and alkaline silicate rocks, with emphasis on the strategic mineral deposits linked to these types of mantle-derived volcanism (e.g., diamonds and rare-earth elements). It is demonstrated that many of the critical raw materials hosted by carbonatites and alkaline silicate rocks are essential for the transition to a renewable energy based global economy. Both geoscientific and metallurgical research will be of paramount importance to better understand these volatile-rich magmatic systems and their economic mineralization.